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1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
CONTRACTIBILITY-
Muscle is able to be
Shorten.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
3
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
4
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of
muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane of a
muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to illustrate
the complexity of the process of
movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
EXCITABILITY-
Irritability, impulse, direct or
indirect, physical stimulation
or nerve.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
EXTENSIBILITY-muscle can be
extended. Increase in angle between
bones. Muscle is pulled upon.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Characteristics of Muscles
ELASTICITY-Returning
to original size/shape after
Stretching.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Tone
Discuss muscle tone.
• Atrophy:
a- _absent__ -trophy __tone_
• Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off his
leg. His calf muscle on the
affected leg is 1” smaller
in diameter than his other
calf muscle.
• What happened?
• How do you explain this
to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Tone
Exercise & Training
What are the
advantages of
exercise?
Are there any
disadvantages of
exercise?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Fatigue
MUSCLE FATIGUE:
What causes it? Metabolic processbody's inc need for O2/energy/build up of lactic acid
causes cramping.
How does the body correct muscle fatigue? Breathing
increases….goes from aerobic demand to anaerobic
demand.
Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
Yes and no
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Functions of the
Muscular System
1. Movement
2. Posture
3. Body Heat
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement:
Skeletal Muscle
• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and movement.
• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement
Mechanism of skeletal muscle
movement to include:
Point of origin-muscle attached
to the stationary bone.
Point of insertion- muscle
attached to moving bone.
Prime mover - Muscles that
work in groups or by
themselves.
Antagonist-muscles cause
movement in opposite direction.
Synergists-these muscles assist
the prime mover muscles.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement:
Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food
moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Movement:
Circulatory System
Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed
at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Posture
• Helps to hold you upright,
• By using your bones,
• Muscles and tendons.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Shiver/muscle
contract and produce heat.
How is this response helpful? Keeps you warm and help
fight against hypothermia.
How does the body respond to exercise?
sweat –releases heat and cools down body.
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
19
Myopathy
Myo-muscle
-pathy disease
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Fibromyalgia
CAUSE: Unknown
SYMPTOMS: Chronic pain, bilateral tenderness,
fatigue, exercise intolerance.
DIAGNOSIS: location of pain tender points
TREATMENT: symptom management
PROGNOSIS: good
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Hernia
CAUSES: weakening of a muscle wall
LOCATIONS: umbilical, inguinal
SYMPTOMS: pain, bulging,
DIAGNOSIS: ultrasound, mri
TREATMENT: surgery
PREVENTION: do not strain on lifting,
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscle Spasms
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
CAUSES: sudden, severe involuntary muscle
contraction. Prolonged activity. (Electrolyte)
LOCATIONS: larger muscle groups
SYMPTOMS: pain
DIAGNOSIS: pt history/electrolyte
TREATMENT: rest, fluids, stretching
PROGNOSIS: great
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Muscular Dystrophy
CAUSE: genetic defect in muscle protein
SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle weakness
DIAGNOSIS: exam, blood test, electromyogram,
muscle biopsy.
TREATMENT: NO real treatment
PROGNOSIS: death……
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Myasthenia Gravis
CAUSE: Autoimmune at neuromuscular
Junction.
SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle weakness
in face and eye muscles, drooping.
DIAGNOSIS: EMG blood test
TREATMENT: steroids
PROGNOSIS: good
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Strain
•
•
•
•
What happened here?
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
How will he treat them?
What is his prognosis?
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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Tendonitis
CAUSE: chronic and overuse
SYMPTOMS: stiffness, weakness, pain
DIAGNOSIS: exam, xray, history
TREATMENT: (p)rice
PROGNOSIS: good
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
27
Tetanus
CAUSE: Bacterial infection C. Tetani
SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle
spasms, paralysis, stiff painful jaw,
DIAGNOSIS: lab results, history of
wound
TREATMENT: wound hygiene, pain
management.
PROGNOSIS: ok but could die…..
1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the muscular system
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