Download Chapter 07 - Head and Neck Anatomy

Head and Neck Anatomy
Chapter 7
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Face landmarks
Philtrum
Labial
tubercle
Nasolabial
groove
Labial
commissure
Vermilion
zone
Vermilion
border
Labiomental groove
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Oral cavity landmarks
– Vestibule
– Vestibule fornix
– Labial mucosa
– Buccal mucosa
– Parotid papilla
– Stensen’s duct
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Oral cavity landmarks
– Linea alba
– Fordyce’s spots
– Alveolar mucosa
– Gingiva
– Labial frenum
– Buccal frenum
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Palate area of oral
cavity
– Hard palate
•
•
•
•
Incisive papilla
Palatine raphe
Palatine rugae
Torus
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Palate area of oral
cavity
– Soft palate
•
•
•
•
•
Uvula
Anterior tonsillar pillars
Posterior tonsillar pillars
Palatine tonsils
Fauces
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Palate area of oral cavity
Incisive papilla
Uvula
Palatine rugae
Palatine tonsils
Palatine raphe
Anterior tonsillar
pillar
Fauces
Posterior
tonsillar pillar
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Tongue
– Dorsal or top
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sulcus terminalis
Circumvallate papilla
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Foliate papilla
Median sulcus
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Tongue
– Ventral or underside
• Lingual frenum
• Lingual veins
• Fimbriated folds
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Floor of mouth
– Sublingual caruncles
– Sublingual folds
– Sublingual sulcus
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral
Cavity
• Salivary glands
– Parotid
– Submandibular
– Sublingual
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Dental Check
• Why is it important to understand the
landmarks of the oral cavity?
– Allows the DA to properly take radiographs,
place topical anesthetics, recognize healthy
tissue, and record information on the medical
chart
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Bones of the Head
• Bones of cranium
– 1 frontal bone
– 2 parietal bones
– 2 temporal bones
– 1 occipital bone
– 1 sphenoid bone
– 1 ethmoid bone
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Bones of the Head
• Bones of cranium
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Bones of the Head
• Bones of face
– 2 nasal bones
– 1 vomer bone
– 2 inferior nasal conchae
– 2 lacrimal bones
– 2 maxillae bones
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Bones of the Head
• Bones of face
– 2 zygomatic bones
– 2 palatine bones
– 1 mandible bone
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Bones of the Head
• Bones of face
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Sphenoid
bone
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Maxilla
Inferior nasal
concha
Alveolar process
Mandible
Vomer bone
Alveolar process
Mental foramen
Symphysis
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Bones of the Head
• Landmarks of maxilla
– Frontal processes
– Zygomatic processes
– Alveolar process
– Palatine process
– Infraorbital foramen
– Maxillary sinus
– Maxillary tuberosity
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Bones of the Head
• Palatine bones
– Palatine suture
– Incisive foramen
– Greater palatine
foramen
– Lesser palatine
foramen
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Bones of the Head
• Landmarks of mandible
– Rami
– Condyloid process
– Coronoid process
– Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
– Mandibular notch
– Mandibular foramen
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Bones of the Head
• Landmarks of mandible
– Internal oblique ridge
– Mylohyoid ridge
– Angle of mandible
– Mental foramen
– External oblique ridge
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Bones of the Head
• Landmarks of mandible
– Retromolar area
– Symphysis
– Mental protuberance
– Lingual foramen
– Genial tubercles
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Bones of the Head
• Landmarks of mandible
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Bones of the Head
• TMJ
– Glenoid fossa of temporal bone
– Articular eminence of temporal bone
– Condyloid process of mandible
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Bones of the Head
• TMJ
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of mastication
– Temporal muscles
– Masseter muscles
– Internal pterygoid muscles
– External pterygoid muscles
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of mastication
Temporal muscle
Neck of the condyle
Zygomatic
bone
External pterygoid
muscle
Internal pterygoid
muscle
Masseter muscle
Angle of the
mandible
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of facial expression
– Orbicularis oris
– Buccinator
– Mentalis
– Zygomatic major
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of floor of mouth
– Digastric
– Mylohyoid
– Stylohyoid
– Geniohyoid
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of floor of mouth
Styloid process
Tongue
Digastric muscle
(posterior belly)
Mandible
Geniohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle (cut)
Digastric muscle
(anterior belly)
Greater cornu
Lesser cornu
Stylohyoid muscle
Hyoid bone
Loop for
digastric muscle
Body
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of tongue
– Genioglossus
– Hypoglossus
– Styloglossus
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of tongue
Palatoglossus muscle
Styloglossus
muscle
Styloid
process
Dorsum of tongue
Genioglossus muscle
Hyoid
bone
Hypoglossus
muscle
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of soft palate
– Palatoglossus
– Palatopharyngeal
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of soft palate
Uvula
Nasopharynx
Palatoglossus muscle
Palatopharyngeal
muscle
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Muscles of the Head and Neck
• Muscles of neck
– Platysma
– Trapezius
– Sternocleidomastoid
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Dental Check
• Which muscle is activated when you are
kissing someone?
– Orbicularis oris
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Nerves of the Head and Neck
• Maxillary nerves
– Zygomatic
– Infraorbital
– Posterior superior alveolar
– Pterygopalatine
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Nerves of the Head and Neck
• Maxillary nerves
Zygomatic nerve
Maxillary division of
trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
Pterygopalatine nerve
Infraorbital
nerve
Zygomaticofacial
nerve
Anterior superior
alveolar nerve
Pterygopalatine
ganglion
Posterior superior
alveolar nerve
Middle superior
alveolar nerve
Lateral nasal
branches
Nasopalatine
branch of
pterygopalatine
(sphenopalatine)
nerve
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Nerves of the Neck and Head
• Mandibular nerves
– Buccal branch
– Lingual branch
– Inferior alveolar branch
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Nerves of the Neck and Head
• Mandibular nerves
Posterior division
of mandibular
nerve
Buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar
nerve
Terminals of
lingual nerve
to tongue
Mylohyoid nerve
Inferior alveolar
nerve
Incisive nerves
Mylohyoid nerve
Mental nerve at
mental foramen
Hyoid bone
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Arteries of face and oral cavity
– Common carotid artery
• External
• Internal
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Circulation of the Head and Neck
• External carotid artery branches
– Lingual artery
– Facial artery
– Maxillary artery
– Mandibular artery
– Pterygoid artery
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Arteries of face and oral cavity
Posterior superior
alveolar artery
Middle superior
alveolar artery
Descending
palatine artery
Superficial
temporal artery
Infraorbital
artery
Anterior superior
alveolar artery
Maxillary artery
Facial artery
External carotid
artery
Internal carotid
artery
Inferior alveolar
artery
Lingual artery
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Veins of face and oral cavity
– Superficial veins
• Facial, deep facial, retromandibular, and lingual
– Deep veins
• Maxillary and pterygoid plexus
– Jugular veins
• External and internal
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Veins of face and oral cavity
Superficial
temporal vein
Maxillary vein
Pterygoid
plexus of veins
Anterior
retromandibular
vein
Deep facial vein
Facial vein
Posterior
retromandibular
vein
Posterior
auricular vein
Common
facial vein
External
jugular vein
Internal
jugular vein
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copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© Cengage Learning 2013