Download Skin, Bones, Muscles

Skin, Bones, Muscles
Test Next Block Days
Wednesday April 13th or
Thursday April 14th
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ
System
Organism
Cell: smallest unit of structure and function in living things.
Tissue: a group of similar cells working together.
Organ: a group of different tissues working together to do a specific
job.
Organ System: a group of different organs working together to do a
specific job.
Organism: a living thing that carries out its own life activities.
The small intestine seen here is an
example of an organ of the body
that contains all four types of
tissues. Most organs are made up
of the four types of tissues, but they
are organized in different ways to
perform different tasks.
Epitheial
The Small Intestine
(an organ)
Nervous
Muscle
Connective
Tissue
BODY
TISSUE
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
FUNCTIONS
coverings-- protects & defines
linings--absorbs nutrients &
oxygen
glands-- secretes sweat,
hormones, fluids
Supports the body
Connects parts
LOCATION / EXAMPLE
skin
small intestines & lungs
salivary glands, liver, pancreas
bones & blood
cartilage, tendons & ligaments
Communicates information
throughout the body using nerve
impulses
brain, spinal cord & nerves
sense organs (eyes, ears, nose,
skin)
Movement (contractions)
heart, walls of intestines, stomach,
esophagus, bladder, attached to
bones...
Skeletal System
A. Functions:
There are 5 main functions of the
skeletal system:
1.provide support and shape for
the body
2. allow for movement
3. store minerals (like Ca and P)
4. protect internal organs (cranium brain)
5. make blood cells (in the bone
marrow)
B. Types of Bone:
1. Compact bone – strong, dense,
tightly packed bone that is covered
by nerves and blood vessels.
2. Spongy bone – less dense type
of bone filled with holes (like Swiss
cheese). These holes allow for
cushioning; thus, spongy bone is
usually found at the ends of bones
where a lot of stress occurs.
Skeletal System
C. Bone Structure:
1. Bone marrow – fills the hollow parts
of bones. Red marrow makes blood
cells, whereas Yellow marrow stores fat.
2. Cartilage – covers the ends of the bones
at joints so that bones can rub smoothly past
each other.
3. Ligament – connective tissue that
connects bone to bone at a joint
4. Tendon – connective tissue that connects
bone to muscle
D. Bone Problems:
1. Osteoporosis – a disease
caused by loss of bone mass.
Bones become weak, break
easily, and are hard to heal. It
usually affects older people,
especially women. New bone
stops forming in early twenties!
2. Rheumatoid arthritis – an
Auto-immune disease in which
the cartilage that cushions
joints breaks down, causing
pain and stiffness.
Skeletal System
Spongy Bone/Red Marrow Periosteum
Cartilage
Yellow Marrow
Cartilage
FYI…
There are 206 bones in the human body! The smallest are the incus,
malleus, and stapes in the inner ear. The longest is the femur in your
thigh.
Muscular System
A. Three Types of Muscle: Skeletal, Smooth & Cardiac
1. Skeletal muscle –
under voluntary control.
- It is has thick bands
with striations. (filaments
for contraction)
-It is found attached
to bone; allowing for
movement (arms, legs..)
2. Smooth muscle – under
involuntary control.
-There are no
striations.
- It is found in walls
of blood vessels and
digestive organs; inside
eye (iris).
3. Cardiac muscle
– under involuntary
control.
-It has
striations.
-Can only be
found in the heart
Muscular System
B. Muscle Contraction:
Things to know:
1. Tendons connect muscle to bone.
2. When a muscle contracts, it shortens, pulling on
the bones it is attached to. When it relaxes, it gets
longer.
3. When one muscle contracts, the opposite muscle
relaxes. (bicep contracts / tricep relaxes)
D. Nerves and
Muscles Working
Together:
Nerves communicate
with the muscle
fibers, causing them
to contract and do
work when the brain
wants them to.
Ingetumentary System
(“Skin”)
The Integumentary System consists of: skin, hair & nails.
A. Functions:
1. outer covering that provides skin from
infectious agents and sun’s UV rays
2. helps prevent water loss (dehydration)
3. helps regulate body temperature
(maintains homeostasis)
The Skin
blood
vessels
muscle
sweat
gland
fat
nerve
oil gland
hair
follicle
B. Structure:
1. Epidermis – outermost; made of a living layer
and dead layer of epithelial cells. New epithelial
cells are produced each day pushing up old ones
to form a dead layer filled with a durable protein
called keratin. The epidermis also contains darkbrown pigments, called melanin, giving the skin its
color and protecting us from UV light.
2. Dermis – The dermis supports the epidermis
and contains nerve endings, blood vessels,
smooth muscles, touch receptors, sweat glands,
and oil glands (called sebaceous glands).
3. Hair and nails are also a part of the
integumentary system, and are made from a
protein called keratin.
Ingetumentary System
(“Skin”)
Skin Cancer
Excessive exposure to the sun’s UV radiation can produce
skin cancer. The most sever and fatal type of skin cancer
is called malignant melanoma. Signs: