Download Skeletal Disorders - Woodstown-Pilesgrove Regional School

Skeletal Disorders
Includes bone, cartilage,
ligaments and joints
Tumors of Bone and Cartilage
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Osteosarcoma –
malignant neoplasm
of bone, most
common
Chondrosarcoma –
cancer of skeletal
hyaline cartilage
tissue
Metabolic Bone Diseases
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Osteoporosis – low
estrogen level, genetic,
postmenopause
 Excessive loss of
calcified bone
matrix
 Loss of trabeculae
in spongy bone
 Compression
factures = shorter
stature, kyphosis
“dowager’s hump”
Metabolic bone disease cont.
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Rickets and osteomalacia
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Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone
related to vit. D deficiency
Rickets = children, bowing of legs
Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to
fractures
Paget disese –osteitis deformans

Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic
(bone forming) activity = bone deformties
Bone Infection
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Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of
bone and marrow tissue

Persistent and severe pain, muscle
spasm, swelling and fever
Bone fractures
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Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the
skin
Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin
Complete fractures – bone fragments separate
completely
Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially
formed, ex. Greenstick
Comminuted fractures – breaks with many
fragments
Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into
each other.
fractures
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Linear – parallel to bones axis
Transverse – right angle to bones axis
Oblique – fracture is diagonal
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Bone fracture –
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Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed
Callus (bony framework) formed around
injury which stabilizes the bone fragment
Joint disorders - noninflammatory
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Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease
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Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of
articular cartilage
Seen more often in hips and knees
Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes)
Sprain – acute injury to ligament around
joint
Strain – involves muscle, tendon and
junction between the two, most occur in
muscle tissue
Joint disease - inflammatory
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Arthritis – general term
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Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease,
chronic inflammation of connective
tissue, characteristic hand deformities
Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build
up in the blood, deposited as sodium
urate crystals in joints
Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect
synovial membrane, ex. lyme