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Download Skeletal Disorders - Woodstown-Pilesgrove Regional School
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Skeletal Disorders Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints Tumors of Bone and Cartilage Osteosarcoma – malignant neoplasm of bone, most common Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue Metabolic Bone Diseases Osteoporosis – low estrogen level, genetic, postmenopause Excessive loss of calcified bone matrix Loss of trabeculae in spongy bone Compression factures = shorter stature, kyphosis “dowager’s hump” Metabolic bone disease cont. Rickets and osteomalacia Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone related to vit. D deficiency Rickets = children, bowing of legs Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to fractures Paget disese –osteitis deformans Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic (bone forming) activity = bone deformties Bone Infection Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue Persistent and severe pain, muscle spasm, swelling and fever Bone fractures Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the skin Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin Complete fractures – bone fragments separate completely Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially formed, ex. Greenstick Comminuted fractures – breaks with many fragments Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into each other. fractures Linear – parallel to bones axis Transverse – right angle to bones axis Oblique – fracture is diagonal Bone fracture – Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed Callus (bony framework) formed around injury which stabilizes the bone fragment Joint disorders - noninflammatory Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of articular cartilage Seen more often in hips and knees Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes) Sprain – acute injury to ligament around joint Strain – involves muscle, tendon and junction between the two, most occur in muscle tissue Joint disease - inflammatory Arthritis – general term Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation of connective tissue, characteristic hand deformities Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build up in the blood, deposited as sodium urate crystals in joints Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect synovial membrane, ex. lyme
