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Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab Jana Causey Chris Christen Amanda Parker Pearl River Community College Part I: Identification of Muscles and their Actions Student Learning Goals 1. Identify various muscles in the human body using images and human muscle models. 2. Identify the action, origin and, insertion of each muscle identified. 3. Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of each muscle action. Pearl River Community College Review: Planes of the Body Pearl River Community College Terminology • Origin – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and is static • Insertion – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and moves that bone upon contraction Pearl River Community College Terminology • Prime mover (Agonist) – primary muscle completing the action • Antagonist – relaxes to allow the agonist to contract; contraction results in an opposite movement • Synergist(s) – hold the body in the correct position to complete the action • Fixator/Stabilizer – special synergist that stabilizes the bone of the prime movers origin Pearl River Community College Epicranius Corrugator supercilii Orbicularis oculi Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor and major Buccinator Frontal belly Occipital belly Temporalis Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Orbicularis oris Mentalis Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Pearl River Community College Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Transversus abdominis Internal oblique Rectus abdominis External oblique Pearl River Community College Subclavius Sternocleidomastoid Clavicle Subscapularis Pectoralis minor Deltoid Pectoralis major Sternum Coracobrachialis Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Humerus Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Levator scapulae Supraspinatus Clavicle Spine of scapula Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Humerus Latissimus dorsi Pearl River Community College Clavicle Deltoid Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major (a) Anterior view Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon process of ulna Anconeus Pearl River Community (b) College Posterior view * Rotator cuff muscles Pronator quadratus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Brachioradialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Pearl River Community College Flexor carpi ulnaris Psoas minor Iliopsoas Psoas major Iliacus Tensor fasciae latae Pectineus Sartorius Quadriceps femoris • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis Adductor longus Gracilis Adductor magnus Pearl River Community College Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Gracilis Long head Biceps Short head femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Pearl River Community College Hamstrings Fibularis longus Gastrocnemius Tibia Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Soleus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis brevis Flexor hallucis longus Pearl River Community College Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis Part II: Incorporation of Exercise and Muscle Action Student Learning Goals • Review various muscle groups on muscle models • Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of the muscles used in the assigned exercise Pearl River Community College Movements of the Abdominal Muscles: Sit-up Pearl River Community College Movements of the Back: Superman Pearl River Community College Movements of the Back: Reverse Butterfly Pearl River Community College Movements of the Chest: Butterfly Pearl River Community College Movements of the Chest and Arms: Downward Motion of a Push-up Pearl River Community College Movements of the Chest and Arms: Upward Motion of a Push-up Pearl River Community College Movements of the Arms: Bicep Curl Pearl River Community College Movements of the Arms: Lateral Shoulder Raise Pearl River Community College Movements of the Arms: Rotating Bicep Curl Pearl River Community College Movements of the Arms: Forearm Curl Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Lateral Leg Raises Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Forward Leg Raises Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Backward Leg Raises Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Lunges Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Squats Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Calf Raises Pearl River Community College Movements of the Legs: Flexing the Foot Pearl River Community College Assignment Options 1. Complete the assignment during lab using the handout provided – Addition of synergist/fixators to list 2. Assign different muscle groups to students and require students to choreograph muscle movements that use the muscle groups – Addition of light weights and/or bands 3. Online adaptations Pearl River Community College
