Download 11-1188_Ch04

Medical Terminology for Health Professions
Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder
7th Edition
The Muscular System
Chapter 4
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,
and Functions of the Muscular System
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Muscles
• Primary Function
– Make body movement possible
– Hold body erect
– Move body fluids
– Produce body heat
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Muscles
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– my/o, myos/o
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Fascia
• Primary Function
– Cover, support, and separate muscles
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– fasci/o
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Tendons
• Primary Function
– Attach muscles to bones
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscles:
• Attached to bones of the skeleton
• Make body motions possible
• Voluntary muscles
• Striated muscles
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
Smooth muscles:
• Located in walls of internal organs, blood
vessels, and ducts leading from glands
• Move and control the flow of fluids through
these structures
• Involuntary, unstriated, and visceral muscles
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
Myocardial Muscle
• Form the muscular walls of the heart
• Myocardium or cardiac muscle
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Types of Muscle Tissue
Click Here to play Types of
Muscle Tissue animation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
• Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle by
an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
• Neuromuscular: pertaining to the relationship
between a nerve and muscle
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
• Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
– Contraction
– Relaxation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Muscle Motion
• Abduction: movement of a limb away from the
midline of the body
• Adduction: movement of a limb toward the
midline of the body
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Muscle Motion
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Muscle Motion
• Flexion: decreasing the angle between two
bones by bending a limb at a joint
• Extension: increasing the angle between two
bones or the straightening out of a limb
• Hyperextension: the extreme or overextension
of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Muscle Motion
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Rotation and Circumduction
• Rotation: a circular movement around an axis
such as the shoulder joint
• Circumduction: the circular movement at the
far end of a limb
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Rotation and Circumduction
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Supination and Pronation
• Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg so
that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is
turned forward or upward
• Pronation: the act of rotating the arm or leg so
that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is
turned downward or backward
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Supination and Pronation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
• Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the foot
upward at the ankle
• Plantar flexion: the movement that bends the
foot downward at the ankle
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Key Word Parts and Definitions
• bi– twice, double, two
• -cele
– hernia, tumor, swelling
• dys– bad, difficult, or painful
• fasci/o
– fascia, fibrous band
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Key Word Parts and Definitions
• fibr/o
– fibrous tissue, fiber
• -ia
– abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
• -ic
– pertaining to
• kines/o, kinesi/o
– movement
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Key Word Parts and Definitions
• my/o
– muscle
• -plegia
– paralysis, stroke
• -rrhexis
– rupture
• tax/o
– coordination, order
(continues)
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Key Word Parts and Definitions
• ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
– tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
• ton/o
– tone, stretching, tension,
• tri– three
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Spinal Cord Injuries
Click Here to play Spinal
Cord Injuries animation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Questions
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Question
The largest muscle in the human body is found
in the buttocks.
True or False?
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Answer
True. The gluteus maximus in the buttocks is the
largest muscle in the body.
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Question
How many muscles are required to raise
your eyebrows?
a. 15
b. 8
c. 30
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Answer
c. 30
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Question
Pronation is the act of rotating the arm so that
the palm of the hand is turned upward.
True or False?
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Answer
False. Supination is the act of rotating the arm
so that the palm of the hand is turned upward.
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Question
Singultus is the medical term for:
a. A facial tick
b. Hiccups
c. Cramps
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Answer
b. Hiccups
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Answers to Learning Exercises
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Matching Word Parts 1
4.1. -ia
4.2. fasci/o
4.3. fibr/o
4.4. -cele
4.5. kines/o, kinesi/o
4.6. tax/o
4.7. my/o
4.8. -rrhexis
4.9. tend/o
4.10. ton/o
Matching Muscle
Directions and Positions
4.11. transverse
4.12. sphincter
4.13. oblique
4.14. rectus
4.15. lateralis
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Definitions
4.16. skeletal
4.17. heel spur
4.18. supination
4.19. bradykinesia
4.20. physiatrist
4.21. myofascial
4.22. tendon
4.23. adhesion
Definitions
4.24. paraplegia
4.25. tenodesis
4.26. myocardial
4.27. gluteus maximus
4.28. tendon
4.29. deltoid
4.30. sphincter
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Which Word?
4.31. strain
4.32. neuromuscular blocker
4.33. dystonia
4.34. impingement syndrome
4.35. deltoid
Spelling Counts
4.36. antispasmodic
4.37. singultus
4.38. gravis
4.39. ganglion
4.40. pronation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Abbreviation Identification
4.41. carpal tunnel syndrome
4.42. deep tendon reflexes
4.43. range of motion
4.44. repetitive stress
disorder
4.45. spinal cord injury
Term Selection
4.46. myorrhexis
4.47. myolysis
4.48. hyperkinesia
4.49. hamstring
4.50. myofascial release
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Sentence Completion
4.51. epicondylitis
4.52. flexion
4.53. intermittent claudication
4.54. myoparesis
4.55. spasmodic torticollis
Word Surgery
4.56. electr/o, my/o, -graphy
4.57. hyper-, kines, -ia
4.58. my/o, clon, -us
4.59. poly-, myos, -itis
4.60. sarc/o, -penia
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
True/False
4.61. True
4.62. False
4.63. True
4.64. False
4.65. False
Clinical Conditions
4.66. ganglion cyst
4.67. myocele
4.68. atrophy
4.69. hypotonia
4.70. chronic fatigue
4.71. Achilles tendinitis
4.72. myalgia
4.73. shin splint
4.74. quadriplegia
4.75. hemiparesis
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Which Is the Correct Medical
Term?
4.76. dystrophy
4.77. carpal tunnel release
4.78. adduction
4.79. myotomy
4.80. dorsiflexion
Challenge Word Building
4.81. myopathy
4.82. polymyalgia
4.83. myonecrosis
4.84. fasciorrhaphy
4.85. polymyectomy
4.86. fasciodesis
4.87. myocarditis
4.88. fasciectomy
4.89. herniorrhaphy
4.90. sphincterotomy
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 4 Answers
Labeling Exercises
4.91. flexion
4.92. extension
4.93. abduction
4.94. adduction
4.95. pronation
4.96. supination
4.97. dorsiflexion
4.98. plantar flexion
4.99. circumduction
4.100. rotation
© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved