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Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle True / False Questions 1. Poor body mechanics, weak core muscles, trauma, and improper lifting postures make this area the weakest link in the mechanical musculoskeletal chain. True False 2. The acetabular femoral joint is a condyloidal joint. True False 3. The head of the femur connects with the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvic girdle. True False 4. The lateral rotators all insert on the lesser trochanter. True False 5. The pelvic bones consist of three bones: ilium, ischium, and the pubis. True False 6. The ischial tuberosity is an attachment site for the quadriceps. True False 7. Movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline is called hip adduction. True False 15-1 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 8. Primary hip flexors include the rectus femoris, iliopsoas, sartorius, and the hamstrings. True False 9. Many adductors insert on the linea aspera. True False 10. The psoas minor flexes the hip. True False Multiple Choice Questions 11. The right and left pelvic bones are joined together posteriorly by the ___________. A. ischium B. pubis C. sacrum D. ilium 12. The muscle of the quadriceps that functions two joints is the ____________. A. rectus femoris B. vastus intermedius C. vastus lateralis D. vastus medialis 13. The iliopsoas inserts on the ________________ and the shaft just below. A. greater trochanter B. lesser trochanter C. lesser tubercle D. linea aspera 15-2 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 14. The iliotibial tract attaches to ______________ on the ______________. A. medial condyle; tibia B. head; fibula C. tibial tuberosity; tibia D. Gerdy's tubercle; tibia 15. Lateral rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis away from the midline is called _____________. A. external rotation B. internal rotation C. abduction D. adduction 16. The primary action of the adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis is ______________. A. hip flexion B. hip extension C. hip adduction D. hip abduction 17. The primary action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae is hip _________________. A. abduction B. adduction C. extension D. flexion 18. The long strap muscle that is superficial on the anterior thigh is the _______________ muscle. A. rectus femoris B. sartorius C. vastus medialis D. adductor magnus 15-3 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 19. The piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris all have the action of ________________ of the hip. A. internal rotation B. flexion C. adduction D. lateral rotation 20. The muscle that inserts on the middle third of the linea aspera is the ____________. A. adductor brevis B. adductor magnus C. adductor longus D. pectineus 21. The large posterior muscle that works with the hamstrings to perform extension is called the ________________. A. gluteus medius B. gluteus minimus C. gluteus maximus D. piriformis 22. The nerve that supplies the anterior and lateral thigh muscles is called the __________ nerve. A. sciatic B. femoral C. tibial D. obturator 23. The nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles is called the ____________ nerve. A. femoral B. sciatic C. tibial D. obturator 15-4 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 24. The large nerve that innervates the posterior thigh muscles is called the ____________ nerve. A. femoral B. sciatic C. obturator D. accessory 25. The iliopsoas can ____________ the trunk when the abdominals are weak. A. extend B. flex C. laterally flex D. rotate 26. The rectus femoris inserts on the ____________ on the _____________. A. tibia; tibial tuberosity B. tibia; Gerdy's tubercle C. fibula; head D. tibia; medial condyle 27. The tensor fasciae latae flexes the hip with other hip flexors, but also ___________ the hip. A. adducts B. extends C. externally rotates D. abducts 28. The muscle that originates on the anterior superior ilias spine (ASIS) is called the ______________________ muscle. A. rectus femoris B. tensor fasciae latae C. sartorius D. pectineus 15-5 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 29. The muscle that inserts in the gluteal line of the femur and the iliotibial tract is called the __________________ muscle. A. gluteus medius B. gluteus maximus C. gluteus minimus D. piriformis 30. The only lateral rotator of the hip that originates on the anterior sacrum is called the _____________. A. piriformis B. gemellus superior C. obturator internus D. quadratus femoris 31. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles both insert on the __________________. A. lesser trochanter B. iliotibial tract C. greater trochanter D. sacrum 32. The hamstrings have a common attachment site on the ___________________. A. pubic bone B. sacrum C. posterior iliac crest D. ischial tuberosity 33. The muscle that originates on the anterior pubis just above the crest lateral to the pubic tubercle is called the _____________ muscle. A. adductor longus B. adductor brevis C. pectineus D. adductor magnus 15-6 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 34. An adductor that inserts on the medial proximal tibia just below the condyle is called the ____________ muscle. A. adductor longus B. gracilis C. adductor magnus D. adductor brevis 35. The pectineus assists in hip ________ as well as adduction. A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. internal rotation 36. Similar to the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder, this joint enjoys the entire free range of movements that the shoulder does. A. Acetabular femoral joint B. Sacroiliac joint C. Glenohumeral joint D. Acetabulum 37. This part of the pelvis can be considered an extension of the spinal column with its five fused vertebrae. A. Greater trochanter B. Ischial tuberosity C. Sacrum D. Linea aspera 38. This tubercle provides the insertion point for the iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae. A. Greater trochanter B. Gerdy's C. Lesser trochanter D. Tibial tubercle 15-7 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 39. This nerve arises from the posterior division of the lumbar plexus. A. Sciatic B. Obturator C. Femoral D. Tibial 40. The psoas muscle is strengthened by performing A. knee flexion. B. extension. C. adduction. D. bent knee hip flexion. 41. The sartorius can be stretched the same way as A. tensor fascia latae. B. hamstrings. C. rectus femoris. D. adductors. 42. Specifically stretching this muscle at both origin and insertion is extremely beneficial for knee-tracking issues and Osgood-Schlatter disease. A. Rectus femoris B. Tensor fascia latae C. Sartorius D. Gluteus maximus 43. To strengthen the gluteus maximus, what movement needs to occur? A. Adduction B. Extension C. Abduction D. Flexion 15-8 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 44. Dysfunction in the gluteus medius muscle causes this kind of gait. A. Genu valgum gait B. Steppage gait C. Trendelenburg gait D. Myopathic gait 45. This exercise will strengthen the gluteus medius muscle. A. Straight leg lifts B. Side-lying leg lifts C. Adduction lifts D. Internal rotation 46. To effectively stretch the tensor fascia latae and illiotibial band, what must occur during the stretch? A. The knee is flexed. B. The femur is internally rotated. C. The knee must be extended. D. The quadriceps are relaxed. 47. The lateral rotator muscles are important to stretch for A. femoral pain only. B. sciatic and hip problems. C. bursitis. D. arthritis. 48. Specific exercises to improve the strength and flexibility of this muscle group are important in decreasing knee injuries. A. Hamstrings B. Quadriceps C. Adductors D. Hip rotators 15-9 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 49. To stretch the adductor magnus more effectively, the femur is A. internally rotated. B. externally rotated. C. abducted. D. extended. 50. The piriformis must be stretched as an abductor as well as a(n) A. adductor. B. flexor. C. supinator. D. rotator. Fill in the Blank Questions 51. The joint between the anterior pubic bones is called the __________________. ________________________________________ 52. The sciatic nerve is composed of the ______________ nerve and the ____________ nerve. ________________________________________ 53. The iliotibial tract is not considered to be a(n) ________________. ________________________________________ 54. The iliopsoas is composed of three muscles that are the ____________, _________, and the __________ muscles. ________________________________________ 15-10 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 55. The three muscles that are the hamstrings are the _____________, _____________, and the _______________ muscles. ________________________________________ 56. Besides the hamstrings, the muscle that also has attachment to the ischial tuberosity is called the _______________. ________________________________________ 57. The structures that are superficial to the pectineus that make this area an endangerment zone are the ________, __________, and _____________. ________________________________________ 58. The area that the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus attach to is called the ____________________. ________________________________________ 59. The piriformis usually is situated superficial to the ____________. ________________________________________ 60. The joint between the sacrum and the ilium is called the ____________. ________________________________________ 61. The lumbosacral plexus is made up of the _________ and ______________. ________________________________________ 62. Besides inserting on the linea aspera, the adductor magnus inserts on the ____________. ________________________________________ 15-11 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 63. The lateral rotators all insert on the ________________. ________________________________________ 64. The antagonists of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus for abduction of the hip would be the ____________. ________________________________________ 65. Movement of the femur in a diagonal plane toward the midline of the body is called ________________. ________________________________________ 66. Posterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane (posterior tilt); accomplished by hip extension and/or lumbar flexion is called _________________. ________________________________________ 67. Anterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts forward in a sagittal plane (anterior tilt); accomplished by hip flexion and/or lumbar extension is called __________________. ________________________________________ 68. The rectus femoris assists in _________ pelvic rotation. ________________________________________ 69. Gracilis assists in ____________ rotation of the hip. ________________________________________ 15-12 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 70. Movement of the femur straight anteriorly from any point in the sagittal plane toward the pelvis is called ____________. ________________________________________ 71. When the lumbar spine is in extension and the right hip flexes the pelvis _________. ________________________________________ 72. The main focus of the iliopsoas is _______________. ________________________________________ 73. The sartorius assist is __________ pelvic rotation. ________________________________________ 74. The tensor fasciae latae inserts into the ________________. ________________________________________ 75. The short head of the biceps femoris originates on the ___________. ________________________________________ 15-13 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle True / False Questions 1. Poor body mechanics, weak core muscles, trauma, and improper lifting postures make this area the weakest link in the mechanical musculoskeletal chain. TRUE Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 2. The acetabular femoral joint is a condyloidal joint. FALSE The acetabular femoral joint is a ball-and-socket joint. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-5 3. The head of the femur connects with the cup-shaped acetabulum of the pelvic girdle. TRUE Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-5 15-14 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 4. The lateral rotators all insert on the lesser trochanter. FALSE The lateral rotators all insert on the greater trochanter. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 5. The pelvic bones consist of three bones: ilium, ischium, and the pubis. TRUE Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 6. The ischial tuberosity is an attachment site for the quadriceps. FALSE The quadriceps are located anteriorly on the femur and the ischial tuberosity is located on the posterior pelvis. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 15-15 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 7. Movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline is called hip adduction. FALSE The action described is hip abduction, which is the opposite of hip adduction. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-5 8. Primary hip flexors include the rectus femoris, iliopsoas, sartorius, and the hamstrings. FALSE The hamstrings are hip extensors. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 9. Many adductors insert on the linea aspera. TRUE Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-4 15-16 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 10. The psoas minor flexes the hip. FALSE The psoas minor does not insert on the femur and therefore cannot participate in hip flexion. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Multiple Choice Questions 11. The right and left pelvic bones are joined together posteriorly by the ___________. A. ischium B. pubis C. sacrum D. ilium The sacrum is a triangular bone that joins the pelvic bones posteriorly at the sacroiliac joints. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 15-17 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 12. The muscle of the quadriceps that functions two joints is the ____________. A. rectus femoris B. vastus intermedius C. vastus lateralis D. vastus medialis Only the rectus femoris of all the quadriceps has an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine giving it the ability to assist in flexing the hip as well as extending the knee. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 13. The iliopsoas inserts on the ________________ and the shaft just below. A. greater trochanter B. lesser trochanter C. lesser tubercle D. linea aspera The iliopsoas inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur and on the shaft just below. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-18 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 14. The iliotibial tract attaches to ______________ on the ______________. A. medial condyle; tibia B. head; fibula C. tibial tuberosity; tibia D. Gerdy's tubercle; tibia The iliotibial tract braces the knee in walking and running, runs down the lateral thigh, and inserts on Gerdy's tubercle on the lateral tibia. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15. Lateral rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis away from the midline is called _____________. A. external rotation B. internal rotation C. abduction D. adduction The action of moving the femur in a lateral direction in the transverse plane is called external or lateral rotation. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-19 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 16. The primary action of the adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis is ______________. A. hip flexion B. hip extension C. hip adduction D. hip abduction Named for their primary action the adductors adduct the hip. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 17. The primary action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and the tensor fasciae latae is hip _________________. A. abduction B. adduction C. extension D. flexion Laterally located these muscles all insert into the femur to pull the hip into abduction. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-20 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 18. The long strap muscle that is superficial on the anterior thigh is the _______________ muscle. A. rectus femoris B. sartorius C. vastus medialis D. adductor magnus The sartorius has the ability to externally rotate the hips while flexing the hip and knee as in crossing the legs and is superficial to the quadriceps. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 19. The piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris all have the action of ________________ of the hip. A. internal rotation B. flexion C. adduction D. lateral rotation The lateral rotators are named for laterally rotating the femur. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-21 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 20. The muscle that inserts on the middle third of the linea aspera is the ____________. A. adductor brevis B. adductor magnus C. adductor longus D. pectineus The adductor brevis is a shorter muscle and must insert superior to the longus; the adductor longus owns the middle third spot on the linea aspera. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 21. The large posterior muscle that works with the hamstrings to perform extension is called the ________________. A. gluteus medius B. gluteus minimus C. gluteus maximus D. piriformis Gluteus maximus is the largest posterior pelvis muscle and works with the hamstrings for forceful extension. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-22 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 22. The nerve that supplies the anterior and lateral thigh muscles is called the __________ nerve. A. sciatic B. femoral C. tibial D. obturator The femoral nerve does innervate the anterior and lateral thigh muscles. Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 23. The nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles is called the ____________ nerve. A. femoral B. sciatic C. tibial D. obturator The obturator nerve innervates the medial thigh region. Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 24. The large nerve that innervates the posterior thigh muscles is called the ____________ nerve. A. femoral B. sciatic C. obturator D. accessory The sciatic nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles; it is a combination of the tibial and common peroneal nerves. Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 15-23 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 25. The iliopsoas can ____________ the trunk when the abdominals are weak. A. extend B. flex C. laterally flex D. rotate The fact that the iliopsoas can flex the trunk when the abdominals are weak often leads to injury as the iliopsoas is supposed to be primarily a hip flexor and is only recruited to flex the trunk when the abdominals are weak. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 26. The rectus femoris inserts on the ____________ on the _____________. A. tibia; tibial tuberosity B. tibia; Gerdy's tubercle C. fibula; head D. tibia; medial condyle All the quadriceps attach via the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity on the anterior tibia. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-24 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 27. The tensor fasciae latae flexes the hip with other hip flexors, but also ___________ the hip. A. adducts B. extends C. externally rotates D. abducts The tensor fasciae latae abducts the hip with gluteus medius and minimus. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 28. The muscle that originates on the anterior superior ilias spine (ASIS) is called the ______________________ muscle. A. rectus femoris B. tensor fasciae latae C. sartorius D. pectineus Out of this list only the sartorius attaches to the ASIS. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-25 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 29. The muscle that inserts in the gluteal line of the femur and the iliotibial tract is called the __________________ muscle. A. gluteus medius B. gluteus maximus C. gluteus minimus D. piriformis Only the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae insert into the iliotibial tract and TFL was not offered as an option. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 30. The only lateral rotator of the hip that originates on the anterior sacrum is called the _____________. A. piriformis B. gemellus superior C. obturator internus D. quadratus femoris The piriformis originates on the anterior sacrum and is the most superior muscle of the lateral rotator group. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-26 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 31. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles both insert on the __________________. A. lesser trochanter B. iliotibial tract C. greater trochanter D. sacrum In order to abduct the hip the muscles must insert on the hip; the greater trochanter is the only logical answer. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 32. The hamstrings have a common attachment site on the ___________________. A. pubic bone B. sacrum C. posterior iliac crest D. ischial tuberosity The semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and long head of the bicep femoris all originate on the ishchial tuberosity of the posterior pelvis. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-27 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 33. The muscle that originates on the anterior pubis just above the crest lateral to the pubic tubercle is called the _____________ muscle. A. adductor longus B. adductor brevis C. pectineus D. adductor magnus This origin is very specific to pectineus. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 34. An adductor that inserts on the medial proximal tibia just below the condyle is called the ____________ muscle. A. adductor longus B. gracilis C. adductor magnus D. adductor brevis The gracilis is a long, thin muscle that attaches with sartorius and semitendinosus at this area. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-28 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 35. The pectineus assists in hip ________ as well as adduction. A. flexion B. extension C. abduction D. internal rotation The pectineus does assist in hip flexion and the line of pull makes it possible to assist in external rotation as well. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 36. Similar to the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder, this joint enjoys the entire free range of movements that the shoulder does. A. Acetabular femoral joint B. Sacroiliac joint C. Glenohumeral joint D. Acetabulum The difference between the two joints is that the distal end of the lower extremity is constantly concussing with the ground or floor, whereas the upper extremity often has an open kinetic chain. Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 15-29 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 37. This part of the pelvis can be considered an extension of the spinal column with its five fused vertebrae. A. Greater trochanter B. Ischial tuberosity C. Sacrum D. Linea aspera Extending inferior to the sacrum is the coccyx. The pelvic bones consist of three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 38. This tubercle provides the insertion point for the iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae. A. Greater trochanter B. Gerdy's C. Lesser trochanter D. Tibial tubercle Some fibers of the anterior tibialis also attach here. Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 15-30 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 39. This nerve arises from the posterior division of the lumbar plexus. A. Sciatic B. Obturator C. Femoral D. Tibial It innervates the anterior muscles of the thigh, including the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, pectineus, and sartorius. Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Difficult Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 40. The psoas muscle is strengthened by performing A. knee flexion. B. extension. C. adduction. D. bent knee hip flexion. A weak and contracted psoas will distort gait by shortening stride, and it can cause the quadratus lumborum to spasm as it tries to resist the pull on the lumbar spine. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 15-31 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 41. The sartorius can be stretched the same way as A. tensor fascia latae. B. hamstrings. C. rectus femoris. D. adductors. Although it is a thin muscle, the fibers may be isolated along with the quadriceps by taking the hip into hyperextension. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 42. Specifically stretching this muscle at both origin and insertion is extremely beneficial for knee-tracking issues and Osgood-Schlatter disease. A. Rectus femoris B. Tensor fascia latae C. Sartorius D. Gluteus maximus This muscle is an important "guide" for the patella; as it contracts, it pulls this bone along the trochlear groove of the femur. Rolling, elliptical movement, compression, and broadening are useful techniques for unwinding the quadriceps. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-8 15-32 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 43. To strengthen the gluteus maximus, what movement needs to occur? A. Adduction B. Extension C. Abduction D. Flexion This muscle is most emphasized when the hip starts from a flexed position and moves to full extension and abduction, with the knee flexed 30 degrees or more to reduce the hamstrings' involvement in the action. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 44. Dysfunction in the gluteus medius muscle causes this kind of gait. A. Genu valgum gait B. Steppage gait C. Trendelenburg gait D. Myopathic gait With this weakness, the individual's opposite pelvis will drop on weight bearing because the hip abductors cannot maintain proper alignment. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 15-33 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 45. This exercise will strengthen the gluteus medius muscle. A. Straight leg lifts B. Side-lying leg lifts C. Adduction lifts D. Internal rotation The gluteus medius is often one of the weakest and most dysfunctional muscles in the hip. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 46. To effectively stretch the tensor fascia latae and illiotibial band, what must occur during the stretch? A. The knee is flexed. B. The femur is internally rotated. C. The knee must be extended. D. The quadriceps are relaxed. While tensor fascia latae may be stretched with a flexed knee, the iliotibial tract must be isolated by locking the knee during the stretch. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-8 15-34 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 47. The lateral rotator muscles are important to stretch for A. femoral pain only. B. sciatic and hip problems. C. bursitis. D. arthritis. They can be stretched in the manner used for the gluteus medius, except that the femur is internally rotated with the rope assisting the stretch. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 48. Specific exercises to improve the strength and flexibility of this muscle group are important in decreasing knee injuries. A. Hamstrings B. Quadriceps C. Adductors D. Hip rotators Standing straight and touching one's toes is not a safe technique for assessing hamstring flexibility; this movement places great forces on the lumbar spine and can cause injury. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-8 15-35 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 49. To stretch the adductor magnus more effectively, the femur is A. internally rotated. B. externally rotated. C. abducted. D. extended. The adductor magnus muscle is used in swimming (in the breaststroke kick) and in horseback riding. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 50. The piriformis must be stretched as an abductor as well as a(n) A. adductor. B. flexor. C. supinator. D. rotator. The lateral rotator muscles are important to stretch for sciatic and hip problems. Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy/Medium Learning Outcome: 15-8 Fill in the Blank Questions 51. The joint between the anterior pubic bones is called the __________________. symphysis pubis Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 15-36 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 52. The sciatic nerve is composed of the ______________ nerve and the ____________ nerve. tibial; common peroneal Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 53. The iliotibial tract is not considered to be a(n) ________________. muscle Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 54. The iliopsoas is composed of three muscles that are the ____________, _________, and the __________ muscles. psoas major; psoas minor; iliac Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-4 55. The three muscles that are the hamstrings are the _____________, _____________, and the _______________ muscles. semitendinosus; semimembranosus; biceps femoris Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 15-37 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 56. Besides the hamstrings, the muscle that also has attachment to the ischial tuberosity is called the _______________. adductor magnus Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-4 Learning Outcome: 15-6 57. The structures that are superficial to the pectineus that make this area an endangerment zone are the ________, __________, and _____________. femoral artery; femoral nerve; femoral vein Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 58. The area that the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus attach to is called the ____________________. pes anserinus Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 59. The piriformis usually is situated superficial to the ____________. sciatic nerve Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 15-38 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 60. The joint between the sacrum and the ilium is called the ____________. sacroiliac joint Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 61. The lumbosacral plexus is made up of the _________ and ______________. lumbar plexus; sacral plexus Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 15-1 62. Besides inserting on the linea aspera, the adductor magnus inserts on the ____________. adductor tubercle of the femur Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 63. The lateral rotators all insert on the ________________. greater trochanter Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 15-39 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 64. The antagonists of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus for abduction of the hip would be the ____________. adductors-adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis, pectineus, and gracilis Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 65. Movement of the femur in a diagonal plane toward the midline of the body is called ________________. hip diagonal adduction Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 66. Posterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane (posterior tilt); accomplished by hip extension and/or lumbar flexion is called _________________. posterior pelvic rotation Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-40 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 67. Anterior movement of the upper pelvis in which the iliac crest tilts forward in a sagittal plane (anterior tilt); accomplished by hip flexion and/or lumbar extension is called __________________. anterior pelvic rotation Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 68. The rectus femoris assists in _________ pelvic rotation. anterior Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 69. Gracilis assists in ____________ rotation of the hip. internal Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-41 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 70. Movement of the femur straight anteriorly from any point in the sagittal plane toward the pelvis is called ____________. hip flexion Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 71. When the lumbar spine is in extension and the right hip flexes the pelvis _________. anteriorly rotates Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Hard Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 72. The main focus of the iliopsoas is _______________. hip flexion Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 15-42 Chapter 015 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle 73. The sartorius assist is __________ pelvic rotation. anterior Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Comprehension Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-5 Learning Outcome: 15-7 74. The tensor fasciae latae inserts into the ________________. iliotibial tract Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 75. The short head of the biceps femoris originates on the ___________. linea aspera of the femor Bloom's: Application Bloom's: Knowledge Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 15-1 Learning Outcome: 15-2 Learning Outcome: 15-3 Learning Outcome: 15-4 15-43
