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PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
- is a bridging discipline involving both
basic science and clinical practice and is
devoted to the study of the structural and
functional changes in cells, tissues, and
organs that underlie disease.
PATHOLOGY
-
molecular,
microbiologic,
immunologic,
morphologic techniques
Pathology explains the whys and wherefores of
the signs and symptoms manifested by patients
while providing a foundation for rational clinical
care and therapy.
PATHOLOGY
The four aspects of a disease process that form
the core of pathology:
PATHOLOGY
pathoMORPHOLOGY
(morphology)
the structural changes
pathoPHYSIOLOGY
(pathogenesis)
the functional changes
PATHOLOGY
is divided into:
- general pathology
- systemic pathology
PATHOLOGY
general pathology
(morphology)
- hemodynamic disorders
- cell injury, adaptation and death
- inflammation
- tissue renewal and repair
- neoplasia
Hemodynamic disordres
Cell injury, adaptation and death
Inflammation
Tissue renewal and repair
Neoplasia
PATHOLOGY
general pathology
also includes
- genetic disorders
- diseases of immunity
- infectious diseases
- environmental and nutritional pathology
- diseases of infancy and childhood
PATHOLOGY
systemic pathology
the importance of the proper
terminology
what is the difference between:
- neoplasm
- tumour
- cancer
- carcinoma
PATHOMORPHOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
- element of the diagnostic and
therapeutic structure of the hospital
- scientific department
- teaching department
PATHOMORPHOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
- histopathology
- cytopathology
- post-mortem diagnostics
sampling approaches
clinical data
clinicians tend to underestimate
the value of the clinical data
- selection of an appropriate site and method for
the biopsy
- appropriate preservation of the specimen
appropriate preservation of the specimen
quick-frozen sections
Immunohistochemistry
(specific mono- and polyclonal antibodies)
determination of site of origin
of metastatic tumors
detection of molecules
that have prognostic or therapeutic
significance
pathomorphological autopsies
vs
forensic autopsies
CASE STUDY:
21 y.o. woman collapsed at work
clinical symptoms noticed by co-workers:
-pale, diaphoretic skin
-rapid pulse
-mental status- confused
Hemodynamic disorders
the following part of the lecture
covers only chosen aspects of hemodynamic diorders
Hemodynamic disorders
-
hemorrhage
hyperemia and congestion
embolism
infarction
edema
shock
pathology of hemostasis
Guidelines for learning:
-
definition
etiology
pathogenesis
morphologic changes
- gross and microscopic features
-
classification
natural history
complications
clinical significance
- influence of the diagnosis on therapy and prognosis for the
patient
Hemorrhage
definition
Hemorrhage
etiology
Petechiae
Purpura
Ecchymoses
Hematoma (!)
Hemorrhage complications
Hyperemia
Congestion
Acute hepatic congestion
Chronic passive congestion
of the liver
Acute pulmonary congestion
Chronic pulmonary
congestion
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Thrombosis:
Thrombosis
pathogenesis:
Thrombi
Fate of the thrombus
Thrombus vs. blood clot
Embolism
Embolism
biologically active:
Infarction (infarct)