Download Disease

Disease
I.
Disease- A Breakdown of Structures or Function in an
Organism
II. Types of Disease:
A Nutritional
B Environmental
C.Genetic
D. Infectious
III. Nutritional Disease
A. Imbalance in the Body Due to Too
Little or Too Much of a Nutrient
B. Important nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
minerals, vitamins, water
C. Diseases
Scurvy- lack of vitamin
Obesity
anorexia/ bulemia
IV. Infectious Disease
A. Disease caused by harmful microorganisms
B. Have had dramatic influence on human health and
population
C. Have greatly influenced history and culture
Plague, small pox, malaria, HIV/AIDS
D. Types of microorganisms
1. viruses
2. bacteria
3. protists
4. Animal parasites
Bacteria
Viruses
The Plague
Pathogen= bacteria
Yersinia pestis
Host= rats
Rattus rattus
Vector=
Xenopsylla cheopis
(oriental rat flea)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid
/plague/
Malaria• A serious and common tropical disease
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Caused by a protist
Found in 100 countries
100 million cases each year
1 million deaths per year
Pathogen= Plasmodium falciparum
Vector= mosquito-Anopholes sp.
Disease Transmission
Epidemiology:
• Pathogen- organism which causes disease
• Host- organism in which the pathogen lives
• Mode of Transmission- how you get it
– Food
– Vector
– Water
• Epidemic- spreading of an infectious
disease.
Viruses
A.. Structure
•
1.protein coat
protection
how a virus identifies and attaches
to a host cell.
2. Hereditary Material
Inside protein coat
Controls production of new viruses
Bacteria- Kingdom Monera
• Characteristics–
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Unicellular
Cell wall
No nucleus
Oldest life on earth- 3.5 billion years
Most numerous
Really small!
• Structure
– Cell parts; cell wall, membrane, DNA, cytoplasm
– Some form endospores
• Reproduction- Binary fission- mitosis
Classified by Shape
• Spirilli• Bacilli
• cocci
Life Functions:
• Movement- some have flagella
• Others are carried within host
•Energy
•Some are Heterotrophs
• others are Autotrophs
• Helpful
– Used in
industry
– Food- yogurt,
cheese
– Decomposers
– Nitrogen
fixing for
plants
•Harmful
•Cause disease
•Spoil food
Some disease;
plague
tularemia
relapsing fever
Lyme disease
spotted fever
Tuberculosis
diphtheria
whooping cough
strep throat
tetanus
cholera
leprosy
Vaccines- begins with small pox
• Smallpox is an ancient infectious disease
caused by a virus.
• Innoculation-variolation- practice of
intentionally exposing someone to a mild
case of smallpox in hopes of saving their
life. Is this a good idea?
http://www.jennermuseum.com/sv/smallpox.shtml
Edward Jenner& Vaccination
• 1796- vaccinates
James Phipps with
cowpox from Sarah
Nelmes. Experimented
to prove country lore
that cowpox would
protect against
Smallpox.
1980- “Smallpox is dead!”
Immune Systems
• Immune System
• I. Immune System- how our body defends
itself against disease
• A. First line of defense
• a.
Skin
• b. Mucous
• c.
Cilia
• d.
Tears
• e.
Eyelashes
• f.
Ear wax
• g.
Digestive juices
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B. Second line of defense
a.
Inflammation
b. Fever
c.
Phagocytes WBCs
d.
Lymph nodes
e.
Lymphocytes WBCs
T-cells: recognize foreign invaders
B-cells produce antibodies that work
against antigens
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II. Immunity- not susceptible
A. active
a.
natural-normal immune response
b. artificial1.
vaccines
2. Edward Jenner- vaccine for small pox
B. passive
a.
natural-mother to fetus
b. artificial- from animals (pigs) ex.
Tetanus shot
Germ Theory
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Pasteur 1860s
Lister
Koch
Flemming, Chain and Florey
Pasteur; created vaccine for rabbies
among other accomplishments.
Line drawing of Louis Pasteur drawn by
David Wood from Genentech, Inc. Graphics
Department.
III. AIDS/HIV