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Fungi “a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous” Fungal Infections • 10 years • nosocomial • organic compounds and carbon: energy • aerobic or facultatively anaerobic Categories of Fungi • 1) yeasts • 2) molds • 3) dimorphic fungi Yeasts • spherical or oval • “budding” • 1 yeast cell can produce up to 24 daughter cells by “budding” • short chain of cells Molds • thallus (body) • hyphae • septa • septate hyphae Dimorphic Fungi • 2 forms of growth in pathogenic species – 1) mold – 2) yeast • Mold: hyphae (multicellular) • Yeast: buds (unicellular) Dermatomycosis • • • • dermatophytes epidermis, hair, and nails enzyme: keratinase direct contact, infected hairs and epidermal cells • 3 genera Coccidioidomycosis • Readings question #1: What is coccidioidomycoses? What microorganism causes this disease and where is it found? How is it transmitted? • San Joaquin Fever Diagnosis • Spherules (spores) in tissues or fluids • Tissues, lesions • Laboratory workers: infectious aerosols • Increasing in California and Arizona Histoplasmosis • Readings question #2: What is the causative microorganism? Where is this microorganism found? How is the disease acquired? Candidiasis • • • • Bacterial microbiota (genitourinary tract) Antibacterial drugs Normal mucosal pH Readings question #3: What microorganisms cause candidiasis? How may this infection appear in infants? What is it called? Cryptococcosis • Spherical cells, budding • Polysaccharide capsules • Soil, pigeon roosts and nests • Inhalation of dried droppings Brain Tissue with Cavities Aspergillosis • Readings question #4: What is the causative fungus? Where is it found? How is it spread? What are the symptoms for the disease? Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) • • • • Healthy human lungs High infection rate in general population Lining of the alveoli Diagnosis: sputum samples Readings Question #5 • How is the disease PCP spread? What are its symptoms? Is it potentially fatal? (If yes, how does death occur?)
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