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The Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Dr. Bailus Walker, Jr. Professor of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Howard University College of Medicine APHA Session 3100 November 8, 2004 Washington, DC Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Definition and scope of environment Environment-- An elastic term Media (air, water, soil ,food) Economic sector (transport, land use, energy generation) Physical scale (local, regional global) Setting (household, workplace, urban environment) Socio-cultural environment (community stress) Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Environmental Exposure As A Cause of Disease Increasingly contentious Knowledge about disease etiology is incomplete (role of gene-environment) Bidirectional relationship between environmental conditions, socioeconomic circumstance demographic change Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Demographic Transition Increase trade and travel, population movement, and a shared food supply People are more mobile • 70,000 foreigners enter US every day • 57 million American traveled abroad (2001) Changing Landscape of Environmental Justice Demographic Transition Mass relocation of rural populations Growth of Hispanic and Asian populations 4.3 million people listed themselves as being of more than one race Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Economic transition Factory Jobs are vanishing Fewer routine jobs: Internet has taken over More jobs in analytic work: • Analyzing, manipulating and communicating through numbers, shapes, words • Personal-service work, growing, (medical, technicians) Changing Landscape for Environmental Justice Globalization Globalization of disease One nation’s environmental health concern is the concern of all nation Environmental hazards have significant cross border effects Every infectious disease is 36-hour plane journey away Financial crisis can spread rapidly Changing Landscape for Environmental justice Conclusion Environmental justice issue must be viewed through a prism different from that of the 1987, when the issue was elevated on the domestic agenda