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Microbiology
Introduction and History
Microbiology – Introduction and History
Cheese
Beer
Staphylococcal folliculitis
Chicken pox
Conjunctivitis
What is Microbiology?
Categories of Microorganisms
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Bacteria
 Archaeans
 Some algae
 Protozoa
 Some fungi
 Viruses (not technically a living thing)
3 Domains of Life
Why do we study
microorganisms?
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1. Live on and in our body.
2. Can make us sick.
3. Would not be here without microbes.
4. Get rid of our wastes.
5. May clean up our messes (i.e. oil spills, ect.).
6. Make many essential elements available to
living things.
7. Food source.
8. Aid in digestion.
9. Some used to make medicine (i.e. antibiotics).
10. Important for genetic engineering.
Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?
Some Terms to Know
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Pathogen vs. Nonpathogen
 Indigenous or Normal Flora
 Opportunistic Pathogens
 Infectious Disease
 Microbial Intoxication
What was the first living organism
on earth?
OR
Cyanobacteria
Archaea
Microbial infections have been
around for a long time!
Egyptian Mummy
3,000 B.C. - Ruma, a Syrian boy, depiction of polio
www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.html
www.sciam.com/article.cfm?i
d=mummy-dna-reveal..
Some important
historical figures:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
The “Father of Microbiology”
 First to see live bacteria and protozoa.
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Microscope
consisted of only
one lens and was
only 3-4 inches
long. It required
good lighting and a
lot of patience.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history
/leeuwenhoek.html
www.microscopyuk.org.uk/intro/histo.html
The Theory of Spontaneous
Generation - Abiogensis
Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17th century
facstaff.gpc.edu
Cell Theory (1838)

Schleiden (left) and Schwann (right)
 Proposed independently that all living
things are made of cells
kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca
Biogenesis
Proposed by Rudolf Virchow – 1858
 Life only arises from preexisting life.
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kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca
Louis Pasteur
1822-1895
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Discovered what occurs
during alcoholic
fermentation
Helped disprove
spontaneous generation
Termed “aerobes” and
“anaerobes”
Discovered Pasteurization
Discovered many vaccines
Contributed to germ theory
of disease
Germ Theory of Disease
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Theory that specific microorganisms cause
specific infectious diseases.
 For example, the bacteria Bacillus anthracis
causes anthrax.
Robert Koch
1843-1910
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Contributed to germ theory of
disease.
– Discovered Bacillus anthracis
produces anthrax.
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Developed methods for fixing,
staining, and photographing
bacteria.
 Developed methods of
cultivating bacteria on solid
media.
 Was able to obtain pure
cultures.
 Discovered bacteria that cause
tuberculosis and cholera.
Robert Koch
Koch’s Postulates
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1. A microorganism must be present in every case of
the disease.
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2. Isolate microorganism from diseased host and grow
in pure culture.
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3. Same disease produced when microorganisms from
pure culture are inoculated into healthy, susceptible
hosts.
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4. Same microorganism must be recovered from
experimentally infected hosts and grown again in pure
culture.
The End