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Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases - A
disease caused by an agent
that can pass from one living
thing to another
Communicable disease – an
infectious disease that is
passed from one person to
another.
What causes Inf.Dis.
Bacteria - a type of microorganism
that can cause disease.
–Strep throat, food poisoning, urinary
tract infections.
Viruses – a type of agent that can
cause disease.
–Cold, flu, cold sores, measles,
mono.
How are they spread
Air
Contact with contaminated
objects
Person to person
Animals that spread disease
Food and water
Defenses against infection
Skin
Chemical warfare on germs
(sweat and oils produce acids that
kill bacterial)
Mucus membranes
Stomach acids
Helpful microorganisms
Inflammations
The immune system
Weapons
T-cells – cells that regulate the action
of the immune system
Antibodies – substances that stick to
the surface of pathogens slowing their
action.
B-cells – cells in the immune system
that produce antibodies against
infection
Immunization – injection of a
small amount of a pathogen
that will provide protection
against an infectious
disease.
Antibiotics – drugs that kill or
limit the growth of bacteria.
HIV
H – Human: virus can only infect
humans
I – Immuno-deficiency: the effect of
the virus is to create a deficiency, a
failure to work properly with the
body’s immune system.
V – Virus: one of its characteristics is
that it is incapable reproducing by
itself. It reproduces by taking over
the machinery of the human cell
How is HIV spread
Bodily Fluids
–Blood
–Semen
–Vaginal secretions
–Breast milk
Sexual Contact
Sexual intercourse
Oral sex
Anal sex
Blood to Blood Contact
Sharing needles or
syringes
Tattooing - Piercing
Accidental needle stick
in a medical setting
Incidental Cases
Mother to baby during
pregnancy and delivery
Mother’s milk to baby
During Dental
Procedures
The following body fluids are
NOT infectious
Saliva
Tears
Sweat
Feces
Urine
Signs and symptoms HIV
There are no true signs of
having HIV.
One may experience flu – like
symptoms of chills, fever, night
sweats, rashes, etc.
Some will have no signs or
symptoms.
How HIV Works
HIV gets into the bloodstream
HIV targets white blood cells (T4
cells)
Virus slowly destroys T4 cells
Forces T4 cells to make copies of HIV
Eventually the cell dies
Moves on to other T4 cells
Can be up to 10 years before person
shows signs
Phases of HIV infection
Infection with no signs or symptoms
HIV – does not mean AIDS
Signs and symptoms
AIDS – T4 cells are less than 200
cells per microliter of blood or
serious conditions from long-term,
damage to immune system
–Opportunistic Infections
Testing
ELISA – blood test that identifies
whether a person has antibodies for
HIV
Western Blot Test – done to confirm
the results of the Elisa test.
Incubation Window – it can take 6 wks
to 6 mths for anti. to form after
exposure to HIV. This test should be
done at least 6 wks after a person is
or thinks they are infected.
AIDS
A – Acquired: a condition one must
acquire or get infected with.
I – Immune: it affects the body’s
immune system, the part of the body
which usually works to fight off germs
such as bacteria and viruses.
D – Deficiency: makes it not work
properly
S – Syndrome: a group of symptoms
Signs and symptoms of AIDS
There are no common signs or
symptoms for AIDS
People may experience
opportunistic infections – when
the immune system is weakened
and can attack the body.
EX.- pneumonia.
AIDS is not spread by:
Casual contact – dry
mouth kissing, hugging,
being sneezed on or
coughed on.
Mosquito bites
How to Protect yourself
Abstinence - 100%
Have Safe Sex - Practice
Monogamy – (when two people
have intercourse with only each
other for their entire lives).
Don’t use dirty needles
Get tested
Now that we have covered
HIV and AIDS,
What is the difference in
them?
Are they the same thing?
Why do these two things
always get linked together?
Is one more dangerous then
the other?
STD Facts
Sexually Transmitted
Disease
What is an STD?
Sexually Transmitted
Disease - is serious,
sometimes painful,
and can cause a lot of
serious damage.
How is STD Spread
STD is spread during close,
sexual activity. It is spread during
vaginal, anal and oral sex.
HIV and Hepatitis are also spread
by contact with infected blood
Most STD germs
need to live in warm,
moist areas. That’s
why they infect the
mouth, rectum and
sex organs.
What to do
Get checked out
Don’t hope the STD
will go away. It won’t!
What to watch for
Women
* an
unusual discharge or smell
from your vagina.
* pain in your pelvic area – the area
between your belly button and sex
organs
* burning or itching around your
vagina
* Bleeding from your vagina
that is not your regular
period.
* Pain deep inside your
vagina when you have sex.
What to watch for
Men
* a drip or discharge
from the penis, sores,
bumps, or redness.
Both men and women
* Sores, bumps or blisters
near your sex organs
* burning and pain when you
urinate or have a bowel
movement
*Need to urinate often
Continued ……
* Itching around your sex
organs
* a swelling or redness in
your throat
* Flu-like feelings with fever,
chills and aches
Continued…..men and women
* swelling in your
groin, the area around
your sex organs
How to protect yourself
Talk to your partner
Look closely at your partner
– signs of STD
Use a latex condom
Get checked
Protect yourself
Know the signs and
symptoms
Get treated - don’t have
sex until your treatment is
complete. Your partner needs
to be treated too.
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