Download Chapter 25 - Illini West High School

Chapter 25
Sexually Transmitted Infections &
HIV/AIDS
The Risk of STI’s
• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) or
Sexually transmitted infections – are
infectious diseases spread from person
to person through __________ contact
STDs: The Hidden Epidemic
• ________________ – occurrences of
disease in which many people in the
same place at the same time are affected
• Many people are __________________
meaning they are without symptoms
• Even though STDs are diagnosed they
are not always reported
High Risk Behaviors
• Being sexually active with more than 1
person
• Engaging in unprotected sex
• Selecting high-risk partners
• Using alcohol and other drugs
Consequences of STDs
• Some STDs are _____________ – Some
symptoms can be treated but the virus
can still remain in the body
• Some STDs cause ____________ –
hepatitis B virus can cause cancer of the
liver. HPV can cause cancer of the
cervix
Consequences of STDs
• Some STDs can cause complications
that affect the ability to reproduce –
females can develop _________ which
can damage the reproductive organs
• Some STDs can be passed from an
infected female to her child before,
during or after birth
Preventing an STD through
abstinence
• ___________________ – the deliberate
decision to avoid harmful behaviors,
including sexual activity before
marriage and the use of tobacco,
alcohol, and other drugs
Common STIs
Lesson 2
Human Papillomavirus
• ________________-__Or_________– is a virus
that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic
infection
• A _______ test and other medical
examinations may detect changes associated
with HPV
• Most cases appear to be temporary and are
probably cleared by the immune system
Genital Warts
• These are pink or reddish warts with
cauliflower like tops that appear on the
genitals, the vagina, or the cervix one to
three months after infection from HPV
• Diagnosis is determined by a _______
worker by examination of the warts
Genital Warts
• Examination & treatment is essential,
because once you have acquired the
virus you have it for _________
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia – is a bacterial infection that
affects the reproductive organs of both
males and females
• It is ______________ & often goes
undetected
• It is diagnosed by laboratory
examinations of secretions
• It can be treated with ____________
Genital Herpes
• Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the
herpes simplex virus. There are 2 types
• Herpes Simplex ___ usually causes cold
sores
• Herpes Simplex _____ usually causes
genital sores
• ________ types can infect the mouth
and the genitals
Genital Herpes
• Genital Herpes is another one of the
viruses that once you have contracted
it, you have it for life!
• The ____________ can spread even
when no signs or symptoms are present
• Medication can help prevent outbreaks
and help control herpes but there is no
cure
Gonorrhea
• Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that
usually affects mucous membranes
• ____% of all females show no
symptoms of gonorrhea
• It can be treated with __________
• It is diagnosed by examining the
discharge from males and females
Trichomoniasis
• Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a
microscopic ________________ that
results in infections of the vagina,
urethra, and bladder
• The disease could lead to ________ in
women and inflammation of the vagina
characterized by a discharge
Syphilis
• Syphilis is an STD that attacks many
parts of the body and is caused by a
small bacterium called a ___________
• The disease spreads throughout the
blood stream and if left untreated will
lead to damage of the liver and other
organs
No Symptoms
• The following STDs can be present
without any symptoms (asymptomatic)
• Chlamydia, ______________, Genital
Herpes, Trichomoniasis, & some
_______ Viruses
HIV / AIDS
Lesson 3
AIDS / HIV
• __________ – Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
• __________ – Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
How HIV Attacks Cells
• 1. HIV attaches to cell surface
• 2. Virus core enters cell and goes to
nucleus
• 3. Virus makes a copy of its genetic
material
• 4. New virus assembles at cell surface
• 5. New virus breaks away from host cell
HIV & the human body
• As the virus enters your body and takes
over cells, it reproduces and looks to
decrease the number of T cells.
Therefore making the immune system
more susceptible to disease
• ________________ Infections are
infections that occur in individuals who
do not have healthy immune systems
How HIV is transmitted
• HIV can only be transmitted 1 of ___
ways
• Through Blood
• ___________
• Vaginal Secretion
• ______________
How is HIV transmitted
• HIV enters cells of the ___________
system, where it makes more viruses
that break away and attack other cells
HIV Rumors
• You ______ get HIV from the following
• ________________
• Toilet Seats
• ________________
• Hugging
• ____________ Bites
Treatment for HIV & AIDS
Lesson 4
Stages of HIV infection
• Stage 1 – ________________ stage a
period of time during which a person
infected with HIV has no symptoms
• During this stage a person may show
no signs for 6 months to 10 years
• However, the virus continues to grow &
the infected person can still transmit the
virus
Stages of HIV infection
• Stage 2 – ________________ Stage the
stage in which a person infected with
HIV has symptoms as a result of a
severe drop in immune cells
• Such symptoms may include swollen
glands, weight loss, and yeast infections
Stages of HIV infection
• Final Stage – __________, during the
ladder stage of HIV infection, more
serious symptoms appear until the
infection meets the official definition of
AIDS
Detecting HIV
• There are basically _____ tests used in
detecting HIV
• _______________________ test is a test
that screens for the presence of HIV
antibodies in the blood
Detecting HIV
• The _________ test can give inaccurate
results 2 reasons include
• 1. Developing antibodies takes time –
perhaps the virus has not yet been
completely developed in the body.
Remember it could take many weeks
• (3-4 weeks) to get an accurate reading
Detecting HIV
• 2. Certain health conditions – such as
hemophilia, hepatitis, and pregnancy
can cause false readings
Detecting HIV
• If the EIA test is positive then they will
perform it a second time just to be sure
that the results are accurate.
• If this is the case then they move onto
another test called the _______________
Test
Detecting HIV
• _____________________is the most
common confirmation test for HIV in
the United States
• If this test comes back positive that
means that all 3 tests have came back
positive and then the person is
determined to have HIV or HIVPositive