Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Biology & Management of Pest
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B) Biology and Management of Pests Chapter 6 MSU Extension Pesticide Education A “stab in the dark” approach to pest management is seldom effective. It may injure desirable organisms. Effective Pest Management Requires... – Knowledge of pest life cycle – Feeding habits – Hosts – Environmental interaction – Reproductive behavior MSU Extension Pesticide Education Diseases of Ornamentals Disease = disturbance of normal plant function. – Noninfectious (abiotic) • Environmental • Cultural practices – Infectious MSU Extension Pesticide Education • Fungi • Bacteria • Virus Apple Scab Life Cycle Spring spores blown to new leaves fungus overwinters on fallen leaves leaf to leaf infection Winter Summer infected leaves fall Plant Diseases Grouped according to: – Causal agent – Symptoms they produce MSU Extension Pesticide Education Disease Symptoms Leaf spots Mosaics Scab Chlorosis Rusts Scorch Powdery MSU Extension Pesticide Education mildew Witches’ broom Disease Symptoms Anthracnose Decline Cankers Galls Blights Rots Wilts MSU Extension Pesticide Education Scab MSU Extension Pesticide Education Rust MSU Extension Pesticide Education Cedar-Apple Rust Cedar-Hawthorne Rust MSU Extension Pesticide Education Powdery Mildew MSU Extension Pesticide Education Mosaic MSU Extension Pesticide Education Chlorosis: Oak and Maple MSU Extension Pesticide Education Witch’s broom caused by Anthracnose MSU Extension Pesticide Education Anthracnose on foliage and in woody tissue. MSU Extension Pesticide Education MSU Extension Pesticide Education Fireblight on Mountain Ash Root rot problem on Rhododendron MSU Extension Pesticide Education Common symptom of tree decline. MSU Extension Pesticide Education MSU Extension Pesticide Education Host Susceptibility Plant selection Plant parts Vigor MSU Extension Pesticide Education Weather Conditions Humidity Rainfall Temperature Microclimate Shade Wind Salt Location Crowding Infectious Disease Management Resistance – Superior species, cultivars, varieties Avoidance – Appropriate site conditions Elimination – Sanitation; some fungicides Protection – Most fungicides MSU Extension Pesticide Education Although cultural and environmental disorders are most common, “bugs” are perceived as the likely cause of a problem. MSU Extension Pesticide Education Insects of Ornamentals Capable of wide variety of injury May go through several life stages Activity and injury often seasonal Classified by physical characteristics Classified by behavior Insect Classification by Feeding Behavior Piercing - sucking Leaf-chewing Tent and case-making Gall-forming Root-feeding Boring MSU Extension Pesticide Education Piercing-sucking Insects Aphids Leafhoppers Plant bugs Mealybugs Thrips MSU Extension Pesticide Education Piercing-sucking Insects Aphids MSU Extension Pesticide Education Piercing-sucking Insects MSU Extension Pesticide Education Pine Needle Scale Piercing-sucking Insects MSU Extension Pesticide Education Magnolia Scale Piercing-sucking Insects Sooty mold grows on the honey dew secreted from piercing-sucking insects. MSU Extension Pesticide Education Piercing-sucking Insects MSU Extension Pesticide Education Plant Bug Piercing-sucking Insects Leaf Hopper Injury MSU Extension Pesticide Education Leaf-Chewing Insects Caterpillars Sawflies Leafminers Leaf beetles Weevils MSU Extension Pesticide Education Leaf-Chewing Insects Eastern Tent Caterpillar MSU Extension Pesticide Education Leaf-Chewing Insects MSU Extension Pesticide Education Pine Sawfly Leaf-Chewing Insects Oak leaf miner (moth) MSU Extension Pesticide Education Birch Leaf Miner (sawfly) Leaf-Chewing Insects Japanese Beetle MSU Extension Pesticide Education Leaf-Chewing Insects Black Vine Weevil: Adult, pupae, larvae (legless), and foliar damage MSU Extension Pesticide Education Leaf-Chewing Insects White grub of Japanese beetle: a root feeder. MSU Extension Pesticide Education Maple Bladder Gall MSU Extension Pesticide Education Cooley Spruce Gall MSU Extension Pesticide Education Bronze Birch Borer exit hole MSU Extension Pesticide Education Insect Management Protection for insects: – Pupal stage – Waxy coating – Galls – Bark – Leaf tissue – Soil MSU Extension Pesticide Education Insect ManagementConsider: Susceptible life stage Damaging stage Period of feeding Weather conditions Number of generations Host tolerance Natural enemies Non-Chemical Insect Controls Improve plant vigor Encourage natural enemies Select plants with resistance Modify the environment MSU Extension Pesticide Education Natural enemies of insects can provide safe, long lasting “control.” Pesticides can upset this balance and increase some problems. Insecticides Avoid problems: – Monitor plants for insects – Protect beneficials – Time for appropriate life stage – Avoid preventative pesticide treatments – Use the least toxic materials MSU Extension Pesticide Education Mites Not insects (eight legs) Rasp leaf cells and suck contents – Causes bronzing Some form webs or galls Weather dependent - prefer hot spots Rapid population build up Paper test MSU Extension Pesticide Education Spider mites MSU Extension Pesticide Education Webbing Bronzing Nematodes Microscopic worms Commonly attack roots or vascular system Symptoms: wilting, stunting, dieback Resistance Few nematicides Detection - MSU Lab MSU Extension Pesticide Education Snails and slugs leave irregular holes in foliage where they feed and slime trails where they’ve traveled. MSU Extension Pesticide Education Snails and Slugs Soft bodied animals Weather Slime Not and site dependent trail controlled by insecticides Sanitation and traps Vertebrates Cause damage by: – Chewing – Rubbing – Drilling Rabbit damage Squirrel damage MSU Extension Pesticide Education Wildlife control in urban areas can be difficult. Consider using barriers, repellants and pest removal tactics. Excluding mice, moles and chipmunks, trapping vertebrates is regulated by MDNR. THE END Prepared by : Greg Patchan, Julie Stachecki, and Kay Sicheneder MSU Extension Pesticide Education Program
Related documents