Download Containment overview

Review of Global Action Plan
for Laboratory Containment of
Wild Polioviruses
Global Action Plan for Laboratory
Containment of Wild Polioviruses
Purpose:
To provide a systematic,
world-wide Action Plan to
minimise the risk of
reintroduction of wild
polioviruses from the
laboratory into the
community.
Definitions of poliovirus




Polioviruses: human enteroviruses that exist as 3 well
defined serotypes, which infect cells via a specific
receptor (PVR:CD155)
Wild polioviruses: field isolates and reference strains
derived from polioviruses known or believed to have
circulated persistently in the community
Oral polio vaccine strains: attenuated polioviruses
approved for use in oral vaccines by national control
authorities
Vaccine-derived polioviruses: progeny of approved
oral poliovirus vaccine strains
What materials are we looking for?
1. Wild poliovirus
infectious materials:
known to be infected
with wild poliovirus



Clinical / diagnostic specimens
(Throat, fecal, CSF, or unfixed
autopsy specimens from confirmed or
suspected poliomyelitis cases)
Environmental specimens
(water/sewage samples +polio)
Research materials
(isolates,
genetic material, cell lines, infected
animals, etc.)
2. Wild poliovirus potentially
infectious materials:
possibly infected with wild
poliovirus
Any of the following stored in a
manner known to preserve virus
survival:
fecal, throat, water, or sewage
specimens (controls),
and untyped enterovirus isolates
AND collected in a place and
during a time when wild poliovirus
was circulating
What laboratory types have these materials?
1. Wild poliovirus
infectious materials:
known to be infected
with wild poliovirus
2. Wild poliovirus potentially
infectious materials:
possibly infected with
wild poliovirus
Types of laboratories:
poliovirus/enterovirus
vaccine producers/research
general virology
environmental
Types of laboratories:
clinical / research labs
virology
bacteriology
parasitology
pathology
gastroenterology
nutrition
environmental
Polio Biosafety requirements
Standard biosafety requirements and nomenclature with
additional requirements specific to polio (BSL X/polio):
– discontinuing non critical use of wild polioviruses
– disposing of non-essential inf or pot. Inf materials
– keeping accurate records on wild poliovirus stocks
– storing stocks in secure locations
– restricting access to the laboratory
– immunizing all laboratory staff
3 phases of laboratory containment

Pre-Eradication

Post-Global Eradication

Post-OPV Immunization
3 phases of laboratory containment
Pre-Eradication phase



Nations must identify and develop an
inventory of laboratories that have wild
poliovirus infectious or potentially
infectious materials
Laboratories must institute enhanced BSL2/polio procedures for safe handling of all
such materials
Nations must begin planning for the PostGlobal Eradication phase
3 phases of laboratory containment
Post-Global Eradication phase
All laboratories possessing wild poliovirus
infectious or potentially infectious materials must:
– Implement containment (BSL-3/polio)
procedures, OR
– Transfer wild poliovirus infectious or
potentially infectious materials to WHO
designated repositories, OR
– Render such materials non-infectious, or
destroy them, under appropriate conditions
3 phases of laboratory containment
Post-OPV Immunization
All laboratories possessing wild poliovirus
infectious or potentially infectious materials
must:
– Implement maximum containment (BSL4/polio) procedures
All laboratories possessing OPV and OPV derived
viruses must:
– Implement containment (BSL-3/polio)
procedures
Eradication Phase
PrePost-Global
Post-OPV
Eradication Eradication Immunization
OPV
Vaccine/
Vaccinederived virus
BSL-2/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-3/polio
Wild Virus
BSL-2/polio
BSL-3/polio
BSL-4
Public health
and clinical
(diagnostic
tests only)
BSL-2/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-3/polio
BSL-2/polio
BSL-3/polio
BSL-4
Vaccine Production
Special Circumstances
All Laboratories
GAP Biosafety
Requirements
OPV
IPV
Containment and the Polio Eradication Timeline
2003
Pre Global
Eradication Phase
Last wild
poliovirus case
globally
2005
2010
Global
Certification of
Polio Eradication
Global Cessation
of OPV
immunisation
Pre Cessation of
OPV immunisation
Phase
2002
Post Global
Eradication Phase
1999