Download Image Acquisition and Processing Hardware

Image Acquisition and
Processing Hardware
By : Alanoud Al Saleh
The major components are:






Analog-to-digital converter
Image storage
Image display
Image processor
Host computer
Digital-to analog converter
Digitizer :
The analog signal is converted into
digital form by the digitizer or analogto-digital converter (ADC).
Image memory:


The digitized image is held in storage
for further processing. Several
components are connected to the
image store and provide input and
output.
The size of the memory depends on the
image. For example, a 512x512x8 bit
image requires a memory of 2,097,152
bits.
Digital-to-analog converter
(DAC):
The digital image held in the memory
can be displayed on a television
monitor. However, because monitors
work with analog signals, it is necessary
to convert the digital data to analog
signals with DAC
Internal image processor:
It is responsible for high-speed
processing of the input digital data.
Host computer:


In digital image processing, the host
computer is a primary component
capable of performing several functions.
For example: The host computer can
read and write the data in the image,
store and provide it for archival storage
on tape or disk storage systems.
Host computer:
The host computer plays a significant
role in applications that involve the
transmission of images to another
location, such as medical imaging.
Digital image processing:
A number of imaging modalities in
radiology use image processing
techniques, including digital
radiography and fluoroscopy, nuclear
medicine, magnetic resonance imaging,
ultrasound and computed tomography.
Digital image processing:
The future of digital imaging is
promising in that a wide variety
of applications have received
increasing attention such as 3D
imaging.
Essential image-processing
operations used in digital imaging
technologies
The major image processing operations in
medical imaging that are now common
in the radiology department are:
1. Digital subtraction
angiography (DSA):
Processing operation:
Subtraction of images out of a sequence,
analytic processing.
 Objectives:
Immediate display of subtraction images,
evaluation of perfusion and/or blood flow,
removal of artefacts arising from patient
movement, extraction of physiologic data,
contrast enhancement.

Before and After Subtraction
DSA
2. Computed tomography
(CT):
Processing operation:
Level of window adjustment, image
comparison, magnification, region of interest
processing, reconstruction of perpendicular
slices.
 Objective:
Display of very large contrast range, display
adaptation to human observer, image
reformation

CT Images
Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI):
Processing operation:
Level and window adjustment, image
comparesion, magnification, image synthesis
 Objective:
Adaptation to display to human observer,
creation of new images showing tendency on
T1, T2, local density and flow

MRI Brain Images
Brain Images (MRI&MRS)
Ultrasound imaging:
Processing operation:
Processing of image sequences, filtration.

Objective:
Display quality, extraction of physiologic
data

Ultrasound Kidney Images
Doppler
Digital radiography:
Processing operation:
Modification of display parameters using
contrast reproduction curve, spatial filtration,
selection of a sequence of basic images.
 Objective:
Display optimization harmonization of image,
extraction of quantitative or semi quantitative
information.

Digital images
Nuclear imaging:
Processing operation:
Processing of image sequences, slice
reconstruction, filtration, quantitative
processing.
 Objective:
Display quality, tomography, extraction of
physiologic data.

Gamma Camera Image
PET Filtered Image
Thank
you