Download Imaging of the Renal System

Imaging of the Renal
System
Dr. Reshaid AlJurayyan
Department of Radiology
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Imaging modalities
• Anatomy
• Cases
INTRODUCTION
• What is radiology?
It is a medical specialty that employs the
use of imaging to both diagnose and treat
disease within the human body.
• What is the renal system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and
urethra.
IMAGING MODALITIES
• Conventional radiography
• Intravenous urogram (IVU)
• US
• CT
• MRI
• Nuclear medicine
Conventional radiography
• First imaging
modality.
• Cheap.
• Useful for radioopaque stones.
Conventional radiography
Image features:
• Projectional image.
• Image contrast
determined by
tissue density.
• Good evaluation
radio-opaque
stones.
IVU
• Conventional x-ray
plus intravenous
contrast.
• Cheap.
• Recently replaced
by CT and MRI.
• Useful for radioopaque stones.
IVU
Image features:
• Projectional image.
• Image contrast
determined by
tissue density and
IV contrast.
• Good evaluation of
collecting system
and radio-opaque
stones.
US
• Use high frequency
sound wave.
• Contrast between
tissue is
determined by
sound reflection.
US
Image features:
• Operator
dependant.
• Projectional image.
• Good resolution.
• Used for stone,
hydronephrosis,
focal lesion.
CT
• Same basic
principle of
radiography.
• More precise.
• Costly.
• +/- contrast.
• Useful for trauma,
stone, tumor,
infection.
CT
Image features:
• Cross sectional
images.
• Image contrast
determined by
tissue density +/contrast.
• Better evaluation of
soft tissue.
MRI
• Better evaluation of
soft tissue.
• Expensive.
• Useful for soft
tissue pathology:
tumor, infection.
MRI
Image features:
• Cross sectional
images.
• Image contrast
determine by tissue
properties.
• Excellent for soft
tissue evaluation.
Nuclear medicine
• Utilizes a gamma
camera and
radioactive isotopes.
• Functional test.
• Less expensive.
• Useful for:
obstruction and split
function.
Nuclear medicine
Image features:
• Projectional image.
• Image contrast
by tissue uptake
and metabolism.
ANATOMY
CASES
• What are the imaging modalities?
• What are the findings?
• Diagnosis?
Case (1)
• Young male patient presenting with left
flank pain and hematuria, no fever and
normal WBC count.
Case (2)
• Middle aged woman presenting with
flank pain, fever and high WBC.
Case (3)
• Elderly male patient with recurrent
urinary tract infections.
Case (4)
• Young female presenting with decreased
renal function (high urea and creatinine
level).
Case (5)
• Elderly male patient with painless
hematuria and weight loss.
Case (6)
• Young male patient involved in a motor
vehicle accident with blunt trauma to the
abdomen.
Renal trauma grading
THANK YOU