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Vocab • • • • • • • • • leuko - = white erythr - = red embol - = stopper hem = blood thromb = clot arteri(o) = pertaining to an artery - ary = pertaining to systol - = contraction diastol- = relaxing THE Cardiovascular System • structures: blood, the heart, and blood vessels • The main functions are to transport nutrients and oxygen(O2) to the cells and carry carbon dioxide (CO2) and waste materials away from the cells • also plays a vital role in our immune system Components of Blood Components of blood http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200081.htm • Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood (make up approx 50%) – – 90-percent water 10 percent dissolved fats, salts, sugars, and Proteins – Transmits RBC, WBC, and blood clotting factors • RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) ERYTHROCYTES • produced in the bone marrow • contains hemoglobin – an iron-containing protein allows RBC to carry oxygen. – gives the RBC their color • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200028.htm • WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) LEUKOCYTES • WBC are produced in the Red Bone Marrow, The Lymph Nodes, and the Spleen • The main function is to protect the body against invasion by foreign cells • platelets are tiny fragments of other cells that were formed in the bone marrow • play an important role in blood clotting. • Blood Clotting • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam200077.htm • Nutrient Exchange • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200084.htm BLOOD VESSELS • After the blood leaves the heart, it is pumped through a network of blood vessels to different parts of the body – blood flows in one direction • Arteries – strong, elastic vessels – carry blood away from the heart under high pressure – The force that blood exerts on the walls of vessels is known as blood pressure • Arteries subdivide into thinner which lead to finer branched arterioles • CAPILLARIES – connects the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules – Blood vessels with the smallest- diameter – Semiperable – able to exchange substances in the blood with substances in the tissues • Venules – Continues from the capillaries and merge to the veins • VEINS – carry blood from part of the body back to the heart – thinner walls than arteries, less elastic and contain less smooth muscle –contain valves which prevent back flow of blood • Blood Flow • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200078.htm • Perform a heart transplant • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplant.html THE HEART • a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals, forcing blood through blood vessels • pericardium – membranes that surrounds the heart • fluid in the pericardial cavity helps reduce friction as the heart moves FOUR CHAMBERS • The upper chambers of the heart are the right and left atria • receive blood coming into the heart • The lower chambers are the right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart Septum – wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart prevents the mixing of blood Blood Flow • Deoxygenated blood returns from body to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava – Into R. Atrium – To R. Ventricle – Through Pulmonary Artery – To lungs (picks up O2 , drops off CO2 • Oxygenated Blood returns from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary veins – into L. Atrium – To the L. Ventricle – Through the aorta (ascending and descending) – To the rest of the body (drop off O2 and pick up CO2) • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200083.htm • Note: All arteries carry O2 blood except for the pulmonary artery All veins carry de-O2 blood except for the pulmonary vein • Coronary arteries – supply blood to the tissue of the heart Valves • valves prevent the backflow of blood • Blood Pressure • http://health.howstuffworks. com/adam-200079.htm • Tricuspid or AV valve – b/w R.A. and R.V. • Pulmonary Valve – at the base of the pul. artery; prevents back flow into R.V. • Bicuspid (mitral valve)b/w L.A. and L.V • Aortic Valve – at the base or the aorta; Prevents backflow into the L.V. • The River of Life http://library.thinkquest.org/C0115080/?c=circ_sys • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/ • • Aneurysms http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200047.htm • Arrhythmia http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200035.htm • • Coronary Artery Disease http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200082.htm • • Coronary Artery Bypass http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200138.htm • • Irregular Heartbeat http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200141.htm • • Angioplasty http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200140.htm Cardiomyopathy • http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200045.htm