Download Cardiovascular_Parameters_student

Cardiovascular Parameters
Organisation of the Circulatory
System
•
•
•
•
Systemic and pulmonary circulations
Pressure and body position alter volumes
Volume alters pressure
Autonomic regulation of pressure and
distribution
The Heart
• Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
• Heart valves and Fibrous Skeleton
• Cardiac conduction system
Cardiac Cycle
• Ventricular systole and diastole
• Atrial filling and contraction
• ECG
Definitions
• Systolic blood pressure: normal is 120 mm
Hg
• Diastolic blood pressure: normal is 80 mm
Hg
• Stroke volume (SV): the volume of blood
ejected by contraction of the ventricle
Definitions
• End-systole and end diastole volumes: the
volumes in the ventricle at the end of
systole and the end of diastole
• Heart rate (HR): the number of contractions
per minute
• Cardiac output (CO): CO = SV x HR
• Ejection fraction: SV divided by end
diastolic volume
Definitions
• Pulse pressure: the difference between
diastolic and systolic pressures
• Mean arterial pressure: the arithmetic mean
of pressure in the arterial circuit ( diastolic
pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure)
Regulation of Cardiac
Performance
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preload
Afterload
Frank-Starling mechanism
Cardiac contractility
Inotropic effects
Heart rate
Blood Pressure
•
•
•
•
•
RAAS
ADH
ANP
Autonomic control
CNS control