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Blood &
circulation
Define these terms
-Cardiovascular system
-Heart
-Aorta
-Atrium
-Coronary artery
-Pacemaker
-Pulse
-Ventricle
-Diffusion
-Valve
-Blood pressure
-Artery
-Capillary
-Vein
Circulation
Your body
resembles a large
roadmap, There
are routes or
“arteries” that take
you downtown to
the “heart” of the
city.
3 Major Parts of the Circulatory
system
• Blood Vessels - routes blood travels
• Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body
• Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through
body
* Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste
# 1 Blood Vessels : One Way
Streets
• Blood Vessels
resemble very
long and skinny
tunnels that are
all through your
body.
3 Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
The walls of arteries are generally
very thick. In fact, artery walls
consist of three cell layers.
Capillaries
In the capillaries, materials are
exchanged between the blood and
the body’s cells. Capillary walls are
only one cell thick.
One way that materials are
exchanged between the blood and
body cells is by diffusion.
Veins
After blood moves through
capillaries, it enters larger blood
vessels called veins, which carry
blood back to the heart. The walls of
veins, like those of arteries, have
three layers, with a muscle middle
layer.
The Heart
–4 chambers ( or compartments )
• 2 upper chambers : Left Atrium
Right Atrium
• 2 lower chambers : Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Blood Flow
Lub
If you listen to
your heartbeat, it
makes a lub dub
sound.
The lub is when blood
is pushed out of the
heart into the body and
the dub is the reloading
of the heart with more
blood ready to push it
out to the body
Dub
Average Heart Rate of some
Mammals
400
300
200
200
50 30
100 28
0
376
9
70 40
ca
me
l
ca
t
co
ele w
ph
an
gre
yw t
ha
le
hu
ma
n
lio
n
mo
us
e
Heartbeats per
minute
• Heart Rate
can be
determined
using a
Stethoscope
Mammals
Heart Facts
• Hold out your hand and make a fist. If you're a kid, your
heart is about the same size as your fist, and if you're an
adult, it's about the same size as two fists.
• Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and
about 35 million times in a year. During an average
lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion
times.
• Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using
about the same amount of force your heart uses to
pump blood out to the body. Even at rest, the muscles of
the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of
a person sprinting.
Heart Beat Lab
Purpose: How does physical activity affect your pulse rate?
Hypothesis:
Materials: stethoscope, stop watch
What to do:
First find your pulse in your wrist. Write down what you feel.
Now, with your partner use the stethoscope and listen to his/her heartbeat.
Count the number of beats in one minute. Record this number. Next, walk
in place for one minute and then listen to your partner’s heart beats and
count them for one minute. Finally, do this again after running in place for
one minute. After you have rested for another minute, record the number of
beats in a minute. The last rest time is three more minutes. Record the
number of beats again that occur in one minute. Now, record all this
information in a data table.
Activity
Pulse Rate
Observation:
At rest (before you start)
Walking -1 minute
Running – 1 minute
Resting for one minute (after running)
Resting for an additional three minutes
Conclusion Questions
1. Create a graph of data table.
2. What happened to your pulse rate when your
physical activity stopped?
3. What can you infer about the heartbeat when
your pulse rate increased?
4. What conclusion can you draw about the
relationship between physical activity and your
pulse rate?
5. Explain how you could improve the accuracy
of your pulse/heartrate measurement.
Your blood is made of
• Plasma
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets
YOUR BLOOD
• Plasma
– Liquid part of blood
– Water makes up
90%
• Red Blood Cells
– They carry oxygen
to all parts of the
body
– hemoglobin
• White Blood Cells
–Fight and kill
germs that may
enter your
bloodstream
• Platelets
–Pieces of cells
that form
“scabs” when
you cut
yourself
–Helps stop the
bleeding
–fibrin
Blood Types
There are 4 main Blood Types:
Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O
Blood types are determined by proteins known as marker
molecules that are on the red blood cells.
Rh Factor
• All blood types are • If your blood type
either positive or
is Rh positive, you
negative.
have the Rh
marker, and if your
blood type is Rh
negative, you lack
the marker on your
cells.