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Document related concepts
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Transcript 
The Cardiovascular
System
Michael Hall PhD.
University of California
Los Angeles
[email protected]
The Cardiovascular System
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
vena
cava
Epithelium and Endothelium
Types of
Epithelium
Endothelium is a
specialized simple
squamous epithelium
Endothelium lines all blood vessels
Endothelium
Smooth muscle
The role of endothelial cells in diapedesis
The Heart
SVC
Head and
arms
Aorta
R. lung
L. lung
LA
RA
LV
Septum
RV
IVC
Trunk and
legs
Epicardium
The Heart Wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
Atrium
Inside
Heart valves
Heart valve
Valve
E
F
Valve
chordae tendinae
E
Heart valves and supporting fibrous skeleton
Valves
Fibrous
skeleton
Cardiac
muscle (myocardium)
Conducting System
Conducting system of the heart
Endocardium
Purkinje cells make up
the Purkinje fibers,
which constitute part of the
conducting system of the heart
Cardiac muscle fibers
Conducting system of the heart
Bundle of His
Cardiac Muscle
Organization of Cardiac Muscle
Intercalated
Intercalated
diskdisc
myofibrils
endomysium
myofiber
Structure of a Cardiac Muscle Sarcomere
Electron
Micrograph
Diagram
Z-disk
Cardiac Muscle
cardiac muscle
ID
CT
N
Branching fibers
Cardiac Muscle
Z-disk
Fiber 1
Fiber 2
Fiber 3
Fiber 4
Structure of intercalated disc
of cardiac muscle
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle Cell
Smooth Muscle Sheet
Smooth Muscle
Small Artery with Smooth Muscle
in tunica media
Endothelium
Smooth Muscle Contraction
The distributing portion
of the cardiovascular
system
The arteries and veins
General Structure of Artery and Vein
T. Intima:
Endothelium
+ Subendothelium
+ Elastic lamina
T. Media:
Smooth muscle
Collagen
Elastica
T. Adventitia:
Collagen
Elastica
Vasa vasorum
Structure of a typical Vein and Artery
Arteries
Elastic (conducting)
artery (eg aorta)
Muscular (distributing)
artery (eg renal, splenic)
T. intima
Elastic (conducting)
artery
T. media
T. intima
elastic laminae
IEL
T adventitia
Muscular (distributing)
artery
T. media
EEL
T adventitia
Arteriole and venule
V
IEL
A
Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the
intima layer
Leading cause of death in industrialized
nations
Death results from occlusion or rupture of
arteries
Prevalence is close to 100%
Capillaries
Capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
Types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
Capillary
blood flow
A-V
anastomosis
Capillary functions
1.Selective permeability barrier:
Exchange of nutrients
2.Metabolic functions:
Effect on blood flow
1.Antithrombogenic effect:
Prevention of blood clotting
Veins
Muscular artery and large vein
Large vein
Medium vein
eg. vena cava
t. a
t. a
t. m
t. i
t. m
t. i
Large vein
TA
TM
Arterioles
small vein/venule
Small artery
Venule
Contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle
aid in the return of blood to the heart. Valves
prevent
backflow
Lymphatics
blood flow
V
Capillary Exchange
Heart valve
elastica
Valve
CT
Valve
chordae tendinae
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