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Construction Math
Fundamentals of Construction
Section 1.0.0
Why is math important in
construction?
* Provides accurate communication of
measurements of materials, tools,
and/or equipment
Section 2.0.0
Whole Numbers: complete numbers
w/o decimals or fractions
1
5
12
368
4,724
Non-Whole Numbers:
1.5
6½
42.8
0.006
Section 2.1.0
Parts to Whole Numbers: Digits
Units
Tens
Hundreds
Thousands
Ten Thousands
Hundred Thousand
Millions
Section 2.1.1
Review Questions
p. 2.3
Section 2.2.0
 Adding Whole Numbers
6
+ 3

9
Section 2.2.1
 Carrying in Addition

48

+ 64

112
Section 2.2.2
 Review Questions
 p. 2-4
Section 2.2.2
 Problem-Solving (Word Problems)
 If a construction company had 14
workers on one job, 18 on another,
and 32 on a third job, how many
total employees do they have all
together?
Section 2.2.2




14
18
+ 32
64 total workers
Section 2.3.0
Subtracting Whole Numbers:

38

- 24

14
Section 2.3.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.5
Section 2.3.0
 Borrowing during subtraction

34

- 28

6
Section 2.4.0
 Multiplying Simple Whole
Numbers

4

x8

32
Section 2.4.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.6
Section 2.4.2
 Multiplying Larger Whole Number

75




x 16
420
75_
1170
Section 2.4.3

Review Questions
 p. 2.7
Section 2.5.0
 Dividing Whole Numbers:
 10 div by 2

2
5
10
10
0
Section 2.5.1
Review Questions
 p. 2.8

Section 2.5.2
 Dividing More Complex Numbers:
2 8. 7

12
345. 0
24
105
96
90
84
Section 2.5.3
Review Questions
 p. 2.9

Section 2.6.0
 Using Calculators
 Addition
 Section 2.6.2
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
 p. 2.10
Section 2.6.4
 Subtraction
 Review Questions
 p. 2.11
Section 2.6.5
 Multiplication
 Review Questions 2.6.6
 p. 2.11
Section 2.6.7
 Division
 Review Questions
 Section 2.6.9
 p. 2.12
Section 2 Review
 #s 1-20
 p. 2.12-2.14
Section 3.0.0
 Measurements
 Divisions of an inch
Section 3.1.0
 Review Questions
 p. 2.16
Section 4.0.0
 Fractions – value expressed
with a numerator and
denominator
 Numerator
1
 Denominator
2
Section 4.1.0
 Equivalent fractions – different
numerators and denominators
but having the same value

4
2
1

8
4
2
Section 4.1.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.17
Section 4.2.0
 Reducing to lowest forms
 Reduce to lowest terms
possible by dividing both the
numerator and numerator by
the highest number possible
Section 4.2.0


3
9
3
3
1
3
Section 4.2.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2-18
Section 4.3.0
 Lowest common denominator
 Find lowest number that will
EVENLY divide into both
denominators
Section 4.3.0


3
4
or
Which is larger?
5
8
Section 4.3.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2-19
Section 4.4.0
 Adding Fractions




Find lowest common denominator
Use that denominator
Add the numerators
Reduce to lowest terms
Section 4.4.0


3
4
5
8


6
8
5
8
11
8
Section 4.4.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2-20
Section 4.5.0
 Subtracting Fractions
 Done same way as addition,
except subtract numerators
Section 4.5.0


3
4
5
8


6
8
5
8
1
8
Section 4.5.1

Review Questions
 p. 2.20
Section 4.5.1
 Subtracting a fraction
from a whole number
5–¼=
Section 4.5.2
 5 4 4/4
 -¼
3/4

4 ¾
Section 4.5.3

Review Questions
 p. 2-21
Section 4.6.0
 Multiplying Fractions
 4 x 5 = 20
8
6
48
Section 4.6.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.21
Section 4.7.0





Dividing Fractions
Invert (flip) 2nd fraction
multiply numerator
multiply denominator
simplify
4.7.0
 3
8
 3
8
1 =
2
x 2
1
= 6 = 3
8
4
Section 4.7.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.22
Section 4.0.0
 Review Questions
 #s 1-20
 p. 2.22-2.23
Section 5.0.0
 Reading metric rule
 units of tenths
 can be written as decimal
or fraction
5.0.0

0.2
0.7
1.0
1.6
2.1
2.7
5.1.1
 Review questions
 p. 2.25
Section 5.2.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.26
Section 5.3.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.26-2.27
Section 5.4.0
 Adding / Subtracting
Decimals
 Rule: align decimals
 Review questions
 p. 2.28
5.4.0
 4.561
 + 54.7

4.561
 + 54.7
= 59.261
Section 5.5.0
 Multiplying Decimals
 Rule: answer must total
number of decimal places
in answer
5.5.1

8.2
x 1.26
10332 (count 3 decimal places)
= 10.332
5.5.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.28-2.29
5.6.0
 Dividing decimals
 if decimal in numerator, keep
decimals in line
 If decimal in denominator, move
until right of units place. Must
move same number of places
for the numerator.
5.6.2
 Review questions
 p. 2.30
5.6.4
 Review questions
 p. 2.30
5.6.6
 Review questions
 p. 2.31
5.7.0
 Rounding decimals
 .5 or above, round up
 .499999999999 or below,
drop off
5.7.7
 Review questions
 p. 2.31
5.8.0
 Using calculators
5.8.1
 Review questions
 p. 2.32
Section 5.0.0
 Review Questions
 #s 1-15
 p. 2.32-2.34
6.0.0
 Conversion Processes
 Decimal  Percentages
 Percentages  Decimals
6.0.0
 decimals  percentage
= # x 100
 percentage  decimals
= # / 100
6.1.1
 Review questions
 p. 2.35
6.2.1
 Fractions  decimals
 set up as division
problem.
 Review questions
 p. 2.36
6.3.1
 Converting decimals 
fractions
 Setup with value over
place value
 Becomes fraction  reduce
6.4.0
 Converting inches 
decimals
 divide inches by 12 and
place as decimal
 Ex. 7” = _?_’ 7/12” = 0.583’
Section 6.0.0
 Review questions
 #s 1-10
 p. 2.37
Section 7.0.0
WE WILL
SKIP!!!!!!
8.0.0
 Angles
– acute
– right
– obtuse
– straight
– adjacent
– opposite
Shapes
 Triangles – 180 ,
– equilateral
– right
– isosceles
– scalene
Squares / Rectangles
 4 sides, right angles
 diagonals
 360
Circles




360
circumference
diameter
radius
Pythagorean Theorem
 a
2
2
+ b
=
c
2
Area
 amount of space a shape
takes up
 measured in square in (sq
in) or ft (sq ft)
Area
 A (square) = l x w
 A (rectangle) = l x w
2
 A (circle) = Ii r
 A (triangle) = ½bh
Area
 find area
8’
14’
Area
9’
9’
Area

9’
16’
Area

12’
8.3.1
 Review Questions
 p. 2.52