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Chemical Equations EQ: What are the reactants and products of a chemical reaction? SPI 0807.9.10 What’s a Chemical Reaction? • Chemical Reaction process of a substance completely changing to a different substance with different properties. Equations are made up of chemical symbols and formulas. • Chemical Symbol Shorter way to write an element’s name. • Examples: – H: Hydrogen – O: Oxygen – Fe: Iron • Chemical Formula combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance. • It’s an easy way to write molecules and compounds. • Examples: – H2O: Water – CO2: Carbon Dioxide Counting Numbers of Elements and Atoms Name Chemical Formula Number of elements Total number of atoms Baking Soda NaHCO3 ? ? Name Chemical Formula Number of elements Total number of atoms Water H2O ? ? Subscript • Subscript the small # to the right of the element that tells the # of atoms • Applies to only the element directly before it! Examples of subscripts: –H2O –SO4 –Ca(OH)2 H 2O C6H12O6 MgCl2 C12H22O11 Ca(OH)2 Take inventory… 1. CO2 2. H2O 3. NaClF4 Coefficients • Coefficients large # to the left of the element. • Applies to the whole molecule! Examples of coefficients: – 2H2O – 4SO4 – 3Ca(OH)2 2NH3 4NaClO 2CaCO3 Take inventory of the following compounds: 1. 4 NaCl 2. 6 CO2 3. 2 H2O • CH4 • 3CO3 • 2Na2OH3 Take inventory of the following compounds: • 3P2O5 • C3(FO4H2)2 • 2Ca(H2PO4)2 EQ: What are reactants and products in a chemical equation?? SPI 0807.9.10 • Reactants what you start with • Products what you end with REACTANTS PRODUCTS BEFORE THE ARROW AFTER THE ARROW Copy this equation. Circle the REACTANTS and underline the PRODUCTS. How many atoms of each element are there? CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O H2CO3 H2O + CO2 NH4OH NH3 + H2O The Law of Conservation of Mass EQ: What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? SPI 0807.9.11 The Law of Conservation of Mass • Law of conservation of Mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed! 4Na + 2Cl2 4NaCl This is important when we balance equations… • An equation is balanced when the # of atoms in the reactants are = to the # of atoms in the products. Is this a balanced equation? Na + Cl2 2NaCl Is this a balanced equation? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 3 O2 Is this a balanced equation? • You balance an equation by changing the coefficients, not the subscript! Balance this equation. ___ Mg + ___ O2 ___ MgO Balance the equation. ___ H2O2 ___H2O + ___ O2 __ Fe + __S → __FeS __H2 + __O2 → __H2O __Mg + __O2 → __MgO _Ca + _H2O → _Ca(OH)2 + _H2 ___ NH4NO3 ___ N2O + ___ H2O ___BKClO3 ___BKCl + ___BO2 ___ C3H8 + ___O2 ___ CO2 + ___ H2O __ Al2O3 + __ Fe __ Fe3O4 + __ Al ___ P4O10 + ___H2O ___H3PO4 __Al + __H2SO4 __Al2(SO4)3 + __H2 __Be2C + __H2O __Be(OH)2 + __CH4 ___ Fe + ___ O ___ Fe2O3 __S + __HNO3 __H2SO4 + __NO2 + __H2O __NH3 + __CuO __Cu + __N2 + __H2O __Cu + __HNO3 __Cu(NO3)2 + __NO + __H2O Al2(SO3)3 + NaOH Na2SO3 + Al(OH)3