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The ATLAS
Pixel Detector
A CERN Summer Student’s-Eye View
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
SLAC, USA
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Cerne
Stone
White
Abbas
Henge,
Horse,
Man,
UK
UKUK
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Where is the Pixel Detector?
1.3m long, 33cm diameter, 1.7m2 active detector area
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Pixel Detector Requirements
• Spatial resolution: 10mm
• Temporal resolution: 25ns
• Radiation hardness: 3 x 1014 cm-2 NE per year
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Silicon Detectors – The Basics
p-type
Silicon
Extra
holes
(III)
n-type
Silicon
Extra
electrons
(V)
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Silicon Detectors – The Basics
p-type
Silicon
Induced
Electric
Field
Depletion
Zone
n-type
Silicon
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Silicon Detectors – The Basics
p-type
Silicon
Depletion
Zone
Applied
Voltage
Active
Detector
Area
n-type
Silicon
Reverse biased pn-junction
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Silicon Detectors – The Basics
p-type
Silicon
Applied
Voltage
n-type
Silicon
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Depletion
Zone
Active
Detector
Area
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Silicon Detectors – The Basics
To readout
p-type
Silicon
Applied
Voltage
n-type
Silicon
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Depletion
Zone
Active
Detector
Area
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
The Pixel Module
2D array of
sensors
Module Controller Chip
(MCC)
Circuit
board
Front End (FE)
electronics chips:
Silicon sensor
160 x 18 = 2889
pixels per chip
“Bump bonds”
16 chips per
module
1744 modules  ~ 80 million pixels!
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
What Does a Pixel Module Need?
Data
High Voltage
(HV) supply –
depletes the
silicon
Opto board
supplies
2V
 600V
Temperature
sensor resistor
(NTC) readings
Low Voltage (LV)
supplies –
powers the FE
electronics
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
 2.5 V
For Interlock
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
My Project – The Problem
1. Pixel modules are expensive
2. Supply kit can be badly designed / made
•
Need a “module substitute”
3. Number of supply lines: ~7500
$
$
$
$
$
Test Box
$
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
$
$
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
My Project – The Solution
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
The Implementation
HV Power (VDET)
High Voltage
(HV)
ISEG
Power Supply
HV PP4
HV
PP2
Low Voltage
(LV)
LV Power
Wiener
Power Supply
LV PP4
Opto
Power
NTC /
Optoboard
SCOLink
LV
PP3
Opto
Power
Power Supply
Cabling: Type IV
Regulator
Board
VVDC
Sense
lines
VISET, VPIN,
OPTO_RST
•OPTO
•BBM
•BBIM
Interlock
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
VDD, VDDA
NTC
Opto
NTC, NTC_OPTO
NTC lines
Type III
Type II
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
The Implementation
26 x VDET
2 x SAFE
2 x DRAIN
DCS
HV Test
Box
HV
26 x VDET
AWG26
(from LEMO cable)
PC
HV Test
Box
HV
GPIB
13 x VDET
26 x VDET
2 x SAFE
2 x DRAIN
Keithley 7708
13 x VDET
40 Channels
AWG26
(from LEMO cable)
26 x VDET
2 x SAFE
2 x DRAIN
26 x VDET
Max 300V
HV Test
Box
HV
AWG26
(from LEMO cable)
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Keithley 2700
Scanning DMM
Keithley 7708
40 Channels
AWG22
(for7708 screw terminals)
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
The Implementation
2 x Keithley 7166
7001’s, Agilent and Scanning DVM
connect to PC (via GPIB), which
then connects to the DCS…
• Challenges:
2 x 1 x 10 Channels
Keithley 7001
Agilent N3300A
Switching Matrix
Active Load Mainframe
7 x VDD
7 x VDDA
1 x VVDC
 Physical
AWG26
(LEMO cable)
LV
• Connections
• Test Conditions
Resistors
(Type 0 and 1 cables)
7 x SENSE_VDD
7 xSENSE_ VDDA
1 x SENSE_VVDC
 Simulation
NTC/Opto
 Automation
Test Box
5 x Agilent N3302A:
Load Modules
13 x NTC
2 x NTC_OPTO
13 x NTC
2 x NTC_OPTO
6 x Opto Voltages
NTC/
Opto
AWG22
(recommended)
2 x VISET
2 x VPIN
2 x OPTO_RST
AWG26
(LEMO cable)
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Keithley 7011S
4 x 1 x 10 Channels
Keithley 7001
Switching Matrix
Scanning
DMM
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Actual Use of the Test System
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Conclusions
• Outcomes for CERN:
 Pixel Services Test System designed
 Will be implemented in near future;
 At least the Pixel Detector will work
• Outcomes for me:
• Not massively physics-based…
• But learnt a lot about everything else.
• Appreciation of the scale of CERN
• Engineering effort, collaborations, etc.
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge
Thanks for listening!
• Acknowledgements:
 CERN
 The Summer Student team – thanks for a great programme!
 ATLAS Pixel Detector Group
• Kevin Einsweiler (LBNL), Project Leader
 Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge
 And last, but not least…
• Markus Keil (CFTP Lisbon), Summer Project Supervisor
CERN Summer School
15th August 2006
Tom Whyntie
University of Cambridge