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Instrumental Analysis Electrical Components and Circuits Laws of Electricity Ohm' s Law V IR Kirchhoff' Laws Sum of currents at any point in a circuit is zero Sum of voltages in a closed loop is zero Power Law P IV P I 2R V 2 / R Component Symbols Power sources (V) and common connections (GND) Manual switch Relay Optocopler Optocoupler Optocoupler Electrical Components Resistors Resistor Color Rings Electronic Components Resistors A Resistor Value is determined by its color band and is measured in ohms First Ring is units Second Ring is Ten Third Ring is number of zero’s Fourth Ring is tolerance First Ring Black = 0 Brown = 1 Red =2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4 Green = 5 Blue =6 Violet = 7 Gray = 8 White = 9 1m 12m Second Ring Black = 0 Brown = 1 Red =2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4 Green = 5 Blue =6 Violet = 7 Gray =8 White = 9 Resistor Color Code Values Third Ring Multiplier Silver = X .01 Gold = X .1 Black = X 1 Brown = X 10 Red =2= X 100 Orange = 3 = X 1000 Yellow = 4 = X 10,000 Green = 5 = X 100,000 Blue = 6 = X 1000,000 Violet = 7 = X 10,000,000 Pg 7 Direct Current Series Circuit I Ohm’s Law Kirchhoff’s Laws Variable Voltage Divider Potentiometers / Variable Resistors Variable resistors Photoresistors Thermistor Electrolyte Capacitors Nonelectrolyte Transformers Variac Component Symbols Inductors (L) and Transformers (T) simple inductors adjustable transformers adjustable tapped The two parallel lines indicate that the inductor is wound on a core of iron, iron powder, or ferrite material. H.V transformer Tesla Coil TV-Line Car Ignition Symbols Electronic Components Batteries In volts Resistor In Ohms + Inductor or Coil In henries Microphone Outputs voltage Power Supply Outputs Volts 120V AC In DC volts Out Potentiometer Variable Resistor Transformer Input voltage Speaker Input voltage Isolated Capacitors In Farads Step Down + 2m 2m Step Up Pg 3 Measuring Devices Multimeters: Analogue Digital multimeters High voltage probe Insulation tester Megger Time domain measuring instruments Oscilloscope Inside the Oscilloscope Function generator Delay Generator Function / Delay Generator Signal / Coaxial Cables & BNC connectors RS232 / 9-pin GPIB /IEEE Cable RS232 / 25-pin
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