Download Powerpoint

Chapter 22
Current and Resistance
Topics:
• Current
• Conservation of current
• Batteries
• Resistance and resistivity
• Simple circuits
Sample question:
How can the measurement of an electric current passed through a
person’s body allow a determination of the percentage body fat?
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-1
Reading Quiz
1. The charge carriers in metals are
A. electrons
B. positrons
C. protons
D. a mix of protons and electrons
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-2
Answer
1. The charge carriers in metals are
A. electrons
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-3
Light the Bulb
Can you light a bulb when you have
• 1 battery
• 1 Bulb
• 1 wire
• A - yes
• B - no
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 21-16
Conditions for a circuit
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 21-16
Properties of a Current
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-8
Brainstorm: what is used up in a circuit
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 21-16
Definition of a Current
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-9
Simple Circuits
The current is determined by
the potential difference and
the resistance of the wire:
∆V
_____
chem
I = R
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-13
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-3
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-4
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-5
Conservation of Current
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-10
Demonstration - Conservation of Current
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 21-16
Checking Understanding
Rank the bulbs in the following circuit according to their brightness,
from brightest to dimmest.
A.
B.
C.
D.
ABCD
ABCD
ADBC
BCAD
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-16
Answer
Rank the bulbs in the following circuit according to their brightness,
from brightest to dimmest.
A.
B.
C.
D.
ABCD
ABCD
ADBC
BCAD
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-17
Resistivity
The resistance of a wire
depends on its dimensions
and the resistivity of its
material:
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-22
Checking Understanding
A battery is connected to a wire, and makes a current in the wire.
Which of the following changes would increase the current?
(1) Increasing the length of the wire; (2) keeping the wire the same
length, but making it thicker; (3) using a battery with a higher-rated
voltage; (4) making the wire into a coil, but keeping its dimensions
the same; (5) increasing the temperature of the wire.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All of the above
1 and 5
1, 4, and 5
2 and 3
None of the above
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-23
Answer
A battery is connected to a wire, and makes a current in the wire.
Which of the following changes would increase the current?
(1) Increasing the length of the wire; (2) keeping the wire the same
length, but making it thicker; (3) using a battery with a higher-rated
voltage; (4) making the wire into a coil, but keeping its dimensions
the same; (5) increasing the temperature of the wire.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All of the above
1 and 5
1, 4, and 5
2 and 3
None of the above
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-24
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 23-11
Student Current Demo
1. What happens as conductor gets longer
2. What happens as conductor gets wider
3. What happens as conductor gets hotter
Potential, Charge, and Field Circuit Model
Charge and Current (need to load before class)
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-3
Simple Circuits
The current is determined by
the potential difference and
the resistance of the wire:
∆V
_____
chem
I = R
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-13
Checking Understanding
A battery is connected to a wire, and makes a current in the wire.
i.
Which of the following changes would increase the
current?
ii. Which would decrease the current?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
iii. Which would cause no change?
Increasing the length of the wire
Keeping the wire the same length, but making it thicker
Using a battery with a higher rated voltage
Making the wire into a coil, but keeping its dimensions the
same
Increasing the temperature of the wire
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-15
Power in Circuits
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-19
Checking Understanding
A resistor is connected to a 3.0 V battery; the power dissipated in
the resistor is 1.0 W. The battery is now traded for a 6.0 V battery.
The power dissipated by the resistor is now
A. 1.0 W
B. 2.0 W
C. 3.0 W
D. 4.0 W
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-20
Answer
A resistor is connected to a 3.0 V battery; the power dissipated in
the resistor is 1.0 W. The battery is now traded for a 6.0 V battery.
The power dissipated by the resistor is now
D. 4.0 W
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-21
Electric Blankets
1. An electric blanket has a wire that runs through the interior. A
current causes energy to be dissipated in the wire, warming the
blanket. A new, low-voltage electric blanket is rated to be used at
18 V. It dissipates a power of 82 W. What is the resistance of the
wire that runs through the blanket?
2. For the electric blanket of the above example, as the temperature
of the wire increases, what happens to the resistance of the wire?
How does this affect the current in the wire? The dissipated
power?
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Slide 22-22
Additional Clicker Questions
1. A set of lightbulbs have different rated voltage and power, as
in the table below. Which one has the highest resistance?
Bulb
A
B
C
D
E
Rated voltage
10 V
8V
12 V
6V
3V
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Rated power
1W
1W
2W
2W
3W
Slide 22-23
Answer
1. A set of lightbulbs have different rated voltage and power, as
in the table below. Which one has the highest resistance?
Bulb
A
Rated voltage
10 V
Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Rated power
1W
Slide 22-24