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Advanced Design Applications
UNIT 4: MANUFACTURING
Learning Cycle Six – It’s NOT a Relay Race
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Objectives
 After completing this
learning cycle, you will be
able to:
 Understand how relays work.
 Create a working relay.
 Construct a circuit using a
commercial relay.
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Electromagnetic Relays
Used to switch things on and
off
Available in a number of
configurations
Control a wide variety of
devices
http://laptopclipart.com/computer-clip-art-2/
http://www.sx1000.biz/washing-machine-clipart-7/
Computers
Washing Machines
Refrigerators
http://www.sx1000.biz/refrigerator-clipart-4/
www.clipartbest.com
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Relays
 A small machine




Armature
Electromagnetic coil
Switch
Spring
 Small amount of
power to move
armature to switch to
a much larger amount
of power
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Relays
All contain an electric coil powered by AC or DC
Generates magnetic force when energized
Magnetic force actuates or triggers switch
Relays action from one circuit to another by
activating load circuit
• Circuits don’t touch
• Load circuit operates the device
•
•
•
•
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Sensors
 Information gathering
technology
 Heat sensors in ovens
 Motion detectors in
security systems
 Thermostat controls in air
conditioning
 Float sensor on an
automatic ice machine
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Exploration
Normally-closed sensors
Closed when not activated (turned
on)
Open when activated (turned off)
Normally-open sensors
Open when not activated (turned off)
Closed when activated (turned on)
Depending on the type of device or
sensor, the program may cause the
opposite output than expected.
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Piezo Vibration Sensor
 A piezoelectric sensor is
a device that uses the
piezoelectric effect, to
measure changes in
pressure, acceleration,
strain or force by
converting them to an
electrical charge.
http://oomlout.com/parts/VIBS-01-datasheet.pdf
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Photo Resistor
 A photoresistor or
light-dependent
resistor (LDR) or
photocell is a lightcontrolled variable
resistor. The
resistance of a
photoresistor
decreases with
increasing incident
light intensity; in
other words, it
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_resistor#mediaviewer/File:LDR.jpg
Temperature Sensor
 These sensors use a
solid-state technique
to determine the
temperature. They
use the fact as
temperature
increases, the voltage
across a diode
increases at a known
rate.
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
http://www.tandyonline.co.uk/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78ea
b33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/t/m/tmp36_1.png
Boolean Logic
The AND Function
 Requires both sensors to be either
activated or closed for output to be
activated.
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
Boolean Logic
The OR Function
 Requires only one sensor to be activated
or closed for the output to be activated.
© 2015 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association