Download Group 5

(from left to right) ASHLEY FRIEND, SUBHASIS GHOSH, EMMANUELLE DORVIL,
DHRUV GAUR
GROUP WORK 2009
Equal contribution and enthusiasm
makes our presentation a success.
Dhruv and Subhasis in charge of
presentation, Ashley and
Emmanuella in charge of report
writing.
This presentation will demonstrate
the work done in the ECE 002 class.
Sensor Characterization
Robot in a Maze, Elevator
Oscilloscope, Circuits, PSPICE
MATLAB
Sensor Characterization
Purpose:
To understand the way a
variety of sensors can be
used and to test values that
will come from using these
sensors
Resources
Top Hat Sensor
Analog sensors
Results
Trial
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1
220
216
211
162
115
80
10
9
8
7
2
194
192
185
162
118
53
11
9
8
8
3
188
193
182
152
113
43
11
9
8
8
Average
Averag
e
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
201
200
193
159
115
59
11
9
8
8
0 cm
5 cm
10
cm
15
cm
20
cm
25
cm
30
cm
35
cm
40
cm
45
cm
18
56
189
200
236
242
245
247
250
250
ROBOT IN A MAZE
Purpose:
To create a robot that would
successfully navigate a maze
Handyboard
Two Motors
Bumper Sensor, Sonar
Sensor, and
Two Analog Light
Sensors
ROBOT...(contd..)
Methods:
We tested the sensors for their
ranges
Created the robot from legos
Made corrections to structure or
code as necessary
Conclusion:
Allowed us to understand the
relationship between coding and
sensors
Challenges:
Analog sensor troubles
Keeping the robot in one piece
Incorrect turns
Misaligned gears
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void main()
{
int i=1; //defines the beginning of the count
while(start_button()==0);
while(i<4) //will repeat the while loop until the
count is equal to four
{
motor(0,20);
motor(3,20);
if(digital(13)==1) //if the bumper sensor is hit
{
motor(0,-15);
motor(3,-15);
sleep(1.0);
ao();
//sleep(1.5);
printf("\n%d",sonar());
if(sonar()<360) //senses whether or not
there is a wall on its side, if there is a wall there
{
motor(0,50);
motor(3,-20);
sleep(1.3);
i++;
}
else //if there is no wall next to the robot
{
motor(0,-20);
motor(3,50);
sleep(1.3);
i++;
}
}
while(analog(4)<200) //senses whether or
not the robot is at the finish line
{
motor(0,20);
motor(3,20);
}
ao();
}
}
ELEVATOR
Purpose:
To create an elevator from
legos that will go up and
down
Resources
Handyboard
Analog sensors
ELEVATOR...(contd..)
CODE:
void main()
if(stop_button()==1)
{
{
if(analog(3)>200)
while(1)
{
{
ao();
if(start_button()==1)
}
{
else
If(analog(2)>200)
{
{
motor(0,-20);
ao();
motor(3,-20);
}
sleep(2.0);
else
motor(0,-5);
{
motor(3,-5);
motor(0,20);
motor(3,20);
}
sleep(2.0);
}
motor(1,5);
motor(3,5);
}
}
}
}
INSTRUMENTATION
•OBJECTIVE
1. Understanding Oscilloscopes
2. Applying it to the study of
3.
•
Resources
waves
Applying to understand AC
and DC signals
PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set the channel and trigger mode
Attach the BNC cable and the mini
Adjust the time dial and then set up the
position dial so as to center the green
line on the screen
Set the DC voltage using the
VOLTS/DIV dial
Finally connect the mini grabber strips
to the power supply
Oscilloscope
DC Power Supply
RESULTS
5 volts/division
5 microseconds time/div
A = [1 2 0; 2 5 -1; 4 10 -1];
B = [20; 35; 45]
X = inv(A) * B
X=
80
-30
-25
Time = 5 microseconds
Voltage = .2 volts/div
CIRCUITS
Resources
•PURPOSE
1.
2.
3.
•
Construct variety of circuits
Understand the application of Ohm’s
Law, breadboard, multi-meter
Measure voltage change across the
resistors upon using different values of
resistance
Breadboard
Resistors- 1k, 2k ohm
METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
Connect the resistors onto the
breadboard in either series or parallel
Attach the mini grabber plugs in order to
measure the voltage across
Use the 1k ohm resistor in series and
parallel and measure the voltage across
it using the multi-meter
Replace the 1k ohm resistor by a 2 k ohm
resistor and measure the voltage across
it
Diode
Mini-grabber cables
DC power supply
RESULTS
The results helped to confirm the
group’s knowledge of Ohm’s Law and
circuits.
Lab
fairly
straight
forward
The lab was fairly straight forward
but the equipment was confusing
Connecting the multi-meter to the
circuit voltage was confusing
With practice we learned exactly
where the multi-meter needed to
achieve the desired voltage.
This was an important project as
major portion will be discussed further
in the ECE program as well as for
future jobs in electrical areas.
Multimeter
confusi
ng
Ohm’s
Law and
circuits
Usage
in other
ECE
classes
Practice
improv
ed our
learning
•
Method
1.
PSPICE
2.
3.
PURPOSE
1.
2.
To use the PSPICE program on the
computer and simulate circuits
Calculate voltage and current
across the circuit at different
points
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
PSPICE (Simulation
program with Integrated
circuit emphasis)
computer program
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Place the resistor, voltage source,
grounding source on the page
Complete the circuit by connecting all the
elements with a connecting wire
Check for a red dot on the connecting
spots
Current and voltage probes were placed on
the necessary place to measure
voltage/current
Run the program in order to produce the
graph with results of the circuit
Add 3 resistors 100 ohm, 300 ohm, and
200 ohm in series and a voltage source 6 V
Find the current through the circuit
Replace the circuit by 2 resistors 200 ohm
and300 ohm in parallel such that the
current through them is 60 mA and 80 mA
respectively
Find the voltage across each resistor and
entire circuit
Replace the circuit by a diode whose
threshold voltage by 0.7 V, a resistor of 1k
ohm, and a source voltage of 1.7 V and
then 0.3 V
Find the current across the diode and
resistor, and voltage drop across the diode
Replace the circuit by a diode of threshold
voltage 0.7 V, two resistors 1k ohm in
parallel, and a resistor 1k ohm in series
with the parallel resistors
Find the current through the circuit
RESULTS
This program was fairly simple to
Fairly
simple to
use and
operate
use since the group had already
done circuits
Problems that arose were how to
use the program and where to place
the probes.
 PowerPoints were helpful in
understanding
Problem
on how to
use the
program
PSPICE
Helped the group understand
more complicated circuits
Helped
understan
d
complicat
ed circuits
PowerPoi
nts were
helpful
MATLAB
•MATLAB was used to solve for
functions
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function I=FastTrap(f, a, b, n) % Same as the
previous Trapezoidal function example, but
using more% efficient MATLAB vectorized
operations. h=(b-a)/n;
% Increment
values=feval(f, a);
% Starting value in=1:n-1;
xpoints=a+in*h; % Defining the xpointsypoints=feval(vectorize(f),xpoints); %
Get corresponding ypointssig=2*sum(ypoints); % Summing up
values in ypoints, and mult. by
2s=s+sig+feval(f,b); % Evaluating last
termI=s*h/2;

function I=trapz(f,a,b,n)h =(b-a)/n;s =
feval(f,a); for i=1:n-1 x(i)=a+i*h; s=s+2 *
feval(f,x(i));ends=s+feval(f,b);I=s*h/2;
Varx = input('What is the first number?');Vary = input('What is the
second number?');Varz = input('What is the third
number?'); Vargroup5= group5(Varx, Vary, Varz) % num2str converts
a number to a string.
function w=group5(x,y,z) w=(x+y+z)/3;
function I=trapz(f,a,b,n)h =(b-a)/n;s = feval(f,a); for i=1:n-1 x(i)=a+i*h;
s=s+2 * feval(f,x(i));ends=s+feval(f,b);I=s*h/2;
fon=inline('log'); a=exp(1);
% Starting point.b=2*a;
% Ending point.n=10000;
% Number of intervals. tic
% Start counter.OutValue1=trapz(fon, a, b, n) % Calling Trapezoidal
function.toc
tic
% Start
counter.OutValue2=FastTrap(fon, a, b, n) % Calling Trapezoidal
function. Toc
fon=inline('log'); a=exp(1);
% Starting point.b=2*a;
% Ending point.n=10000;
% Number of intervals. tic
% Start counter.OutValue1=trapz(fon, a, b, n) % Calling Trapezoidal
function.toc
tic
% Start
counter.OutValue2=FastTrap(fon, a, b, n) % Calling Trapezoidal
function. Toc