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Download ME 6405 – Intro to Mechatronics Operational Amplifiers
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ME 6405 – Intro to Mechatronics Operational Amplifiers 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 1 Table of Content Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Overview Theory of an OP-AMP Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantages Applications A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 2 Overview Overview • Definition: A standard analog circuit component with two inputs, one output and a very high voltage gain.1 • Typically used for amplification, impedance matching and mathematical operations Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 3 History of the OP AMP Overview Theory Basic circuits • • Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 • • Developed in the early 1940s Before the invention of the transistor made of vaccum tubes Became smaller with tranisistors Today small, inexpensive integrated circuits A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 4 Schematics of an OP AMP Overview Circuit Design of an OP AMP Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 5 Pin assignment of the IC Overview Theory Basic circuits Pin Configuration (1) Offset (Typically Not Used) Advantages / Disadvantes Applications (2) Inverting Input (3) Non-Inverting Input (4) Low Supply (5) Offset (Typically Not Used) (6) Output (7) High Supply (8) Not Connected 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 6 Properties of an OP-AMP Overview Theory Properties of the ideal OP-AMP Properties in reality • • • • • • • Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications Rin is infinite Rout is zero Amplification Vout / Vin is infinite Unlimited bandwidth Zero output voltage at zero input difference • • Finite input resistance Small, but not zero output resistance Finite gain / Saturation Finite bandwidth 1. THE OP AMP WILL TRY TO MAKE THE VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO INPUTS TO ZERO! 2. THE CURRENT INTO THE OP AMP IS ALWAYS ZERO 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 7 Typical Values of an OP AMP Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 Property Ideal Real Voltage Gain ∞ 105 - 109 Input Resistance Input Current ∞ 0A 106 10-12 – 10-8 A Output Resistance 0 100 – 1000 Bandwidth ∞ Phaseshift at high frequencies A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 8 Basic circuits Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 • • • • • • • • • Comparator e.g. temperature sensor Linear amplifier Linear inverting amplifier Impedance matching Summing Amplifier Subtractor Integrator Differentiator Schmitt Trigger e.g. two stage comperator A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 9 Nonlinear Usage - Comparator Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications The nonlinear usage always works without feedback Example with reference voltage UN = 0 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 10 Linear Usage Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 11 Inverting Amplifier Overview Theory •Input impedance infinite, therefore no current in the OP AMP Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications •V+ - V- = 0 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 12 Non Inverting Amplifier Overview Theory •Input impedance infinite, therefore no current in the OP AMP Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications •V+ = V- 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 13 Summing Amplifier Overview Theory •Input impedance infinite, therefore no current in the OP AMP Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications •V+ - V- = 0 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 14 Impedance matching Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications Vin= Vout OP AMP tries to make the voltage difference between the inverting and the non inverting input to zero 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 15 Subtracting Amplifier Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 16 Integrator Overview •Input impedance infinite, therefore no current in the OP AMP Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications •V+ - V- = 0 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 17 Integrator (II) Overview Theory Basic circuits Integrate UE dU A 1 C UA U E dt RE dt RC Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 18 Differentiator Overview Theory Basic circuits Make the same calculation as with the integrator, just switch the resistor and the capacitor Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 19 Schmitt Trigger Overview Two stage level detector Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 20 Advantages / Disadvantages Overview Theory Basic circuits • • Advantages / Disadvantes • Advantages: cheap, easy to use, effective Disadvantages: Ideal not possible, phase shift at high frequencies Applications: A/D conversion, Filtering, any digital circuit Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 21 Applications – D/A Converter Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications Picture from Class Lecture D/A Conversion 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 22 Low Pass Overview Theory Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 23 Application - Rectifier Overview Theory The Schmitt Trigger can be used to rectify a signal in order to get a clock Basic circuits Advantages / Disadvantes Applications 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 24 Sources 5/23/2017 • • 1 www.siemensauto.com/glossaries/electronics_glossary.html http://www.ele.uri.edu/Courses/ele343/low.pass/ • Pictures of example circuits taken from http://www.fh-landshut.de/~wlf/schT/Vorlesung/ST_3.pdf http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/bau/0209092.htm • Some pictures taken from Garcia-Rivera, Newby, Rogge, Presentation on the 25th of September 2003 in the ME 6405 class (www.me.gatech.edu/mechatronics_course) A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 25 Questions? 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 26 An output of the Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig brain factory 5/23/2017 A Gogia, Sandhu, Koenig production 27
