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BY USING:-
SAMPOA
FINGERS
STONES
NOW HOW THE NEW GENERATION
SOLVE THIS MATHEMATIC PROBLEM?
BY USING:-
CALCULATOR
COMPUTER
LEARNING AREA 1
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
EVOLUTION OF
THE COMPUTER
LEARNING OUTCOME :
• Describe the brief evolution of
computers.
FIRST GENERATION
SECOND GENERATION
THIRD GENERATION
FOURTH GENERATION
FIFTH GENERATION
st
1 Generation (1940 -1956)
Characteristics Scientists
Produces
Huge, slow,
expensive and
unreliable
ENIAC (1946)
Use vacuum tube instead
of mechanical switches
of the MARK 1
UNIVAC (1951)
calculate at the rate of 10
000 addition / sec
Presper
Eekert &
William
Mauchly
Technology
Vacuum Tube
Punched Card
Magnetic Tape (1957)
Details
Important step of the advancement of
computer.
Vacuum tube is an electronic tube the size of
light bulbs (internal computer components)
Used to store data
It was a faster and a more compact method of
storing data. Using magnetic tape became more
reliable & cost effective.
2nd Generation (1956-1963)
Scientists
Hardware Technology
John Bardeen
Transistor
Walter Houser Brattain Small devices use to transfer electronic
signal across a resistor.
William Shockley
Advantage of transistor:
• Smaller than vacuum tubes
• No needed no warm up time
• Consumed less energy
• Generated much less heat
• Faster & more reliable
3rd Generation (1964 - 1971)
Introduced computer model :
• IBM 370 series
• CDC 7600
• B2500
Used for business & scientific program
Hardware Technology
Intergrated Circuit (IC)
Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at Silicon Valley. IC had
reduced the size & cost of computer
Semi conductor
Electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon.
Microchip
Replaced the Magnetic Core Memory
256 bit RAM
basic development of 1K bit RAM
FOURTH GENERATION (1971-PRESENT)
There are many types of computer models such as:
Apple Macintosh
IBM
DELL
ACER
During the fourth generation, hardware technology
such as silicone chips, microprocessor and storage
devices were invented.
A microprocessor is a specialized chip which is
developed for computer memory and logic.
microprocessor
Silicone chips
ADVANTAGES
Computers became 100 times smaller than ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) the
first computer.
Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity.
Personal and software industry boomed.
FIFTH GENERATION
(PRESENT & BEYOND)
Silicone chips
Processor
Robotics
Virtual reality
Intelligent systems
Programs which translate languages
NEW ERA OF COMPUTER
Mini Computers
Personal Computers
Mainframe Computers
Super Computers
Mobile Computer
CONCLUSION
• First generation
– Vacuum tube, punch card and magnetic tape
• Second generation
– transistor
• Third generation
– Integrated circuit, semi conductor, microchip and 256 bit
RAM
• Forth generation
– Microprocessor, silicone chip
• Fifth generation
– Silicone chips, processor, robotics, virtual reality, intelligent
systems and programs which translate languages.
3 QUESTIONS
1. Silicone chips were widely used during the third
generation.
Answer : NO ( Forth generation )
2. A microprocessor is a specialized chip which is
developed for computer memory and logic.
Answer: YES
3. ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrate and
Computer.
Answer : NO (Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer)