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Chapter Five The Fourth Step in Writing English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 4 Chapter 5 Write Clear, Error-Free Sentences Strategies for revising sentences: • • • • • Use parallelism. Use a consistent point of view. Use specific words. Use concise words. Vary your sentences. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Use Parallelism By balancing the items in a sentence, you will make the sentence clearer and easier to read. Ex.: My job includes checking inventory, initialing orders, and to call the suppliers. Calling English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Use a Consistent Point of View: Verbs Do not shift verb tenses unnecessarily. Ex.: Jean punched down the risen dough. dumped Then she dumps it onto the worktable. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Use a Consistent Point of View: Pronouns Do not shift point of view unnecessarily. Ex.: One of the fringe benefits of my job is that you I can use a company credit card for gasoline. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Use Specific Words To be an effective writer, you must use specific words rather than general words. General: The dog ran down the street. Specific: The mangy stray loped down Broadway, dodging cars and startling pedestrians. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Specific Sentences 1: Use exact names. (Not “Vince.”) 2: Use lively verbs. “slurped.”) “the boy,” but (Not “ate,” but 3: Use descriptive words. (Not but “the rickety old Buick.”) 4: Use sense descriptions. “the car,” (“Vince slurped his ice-cold chocolate milkshake while sitting on the squeaking front seat of his rickety old English Skills, 10e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Buick.”) English Skills with Readings, 8e Chapter 5 Use Concise Wording Prefer concision. Wordiness -- using more words than necessary -- is often a sign of lazy or careless writing. In this paper, I am planning to describe the hobby that I enjoy of collecting old comic books. Revision: I enjoy collecting old comic books. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Vary Your Sentences Effective writing is writing that is varied and interesting. Vary your sentences by: • Adding a second complete thought. • Adding a dependent thought. • Beginning with an opening word or phrase. • Placing adjectives or verbs in a series. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Adding a Second Complete Thought Transform simple sentences (which can be monotonous) -- Greg worked on the engine. The car still wouldn’t start. into compound sentences: Greg worked on the engine, but the car still wouldn’t start. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Adding a Dependent Thought Transform simple sentences (which can be monotonous) -The library was very quiet. I couldn’t concentrate. into complex sentences: Although the library was very quiet, I couldn’t concentrate. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Beginning with a Special Opening Word or Phrase ...transforms simple sentences (which can be monotonous) -- Paul was concerned about his daughter’s fever. Paul called a doctor. into varied sentences: Concerned about his daughter’s fever, Paul called a doctor. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Placing Adjectives or Verbs in a Series ...transforms simple sentences (which can be monotonous) -- The truck bounced off a guardrail. It sideswiped a tree. It plunged into the ditch. into varied sentences: The truck bounced off a guardrail, sideswiped a tree, and plunged into the ditch. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Editing Sentences After revising, check for mistakes in grammar, punctuation, mechanics, usage, and spelling. Edit according to the conventions of written English, aka sentence skills. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Proofreading Check the edited draft of your paper for typos and other other careless errors. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Activities – Work in Pairs • • • • Activity 1, page 110 (parallelism) Activity 2, page 111 (verb tense) Activity 3, page 113 (pronouns) Activity 6, page 118 (concise word choice) • Switch paragraphs from your activity on page 108 & check your peer’s essay for errors in parallelism, verb tense, pronoun usage, and word choice. English Skills, 10e English Skills with Readings, 8e © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.