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Grammar Boot Camp
Sentence Variety:
Sentence Types and Patterns
Adapted from http://www.delmar.edu/engl/wrtctr
Your Mission:
 To Study Sentence Types
 To Study Sentence Patterns
 To Write with Varied Syntax
Phrases/ Clauses
 Phrase: Group of related words, missing a
subject and/or verb
 Clause: Group of words containing both a
subject and a verb


Independent Clause: Stands Alone
Dependent Clause: Does NOT Stand Alone


Also known as Subordinate Clause
Usually has a subordinating conjunction
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
 Before
 After
 When
 Although
 While
 Because
 If
 That
 Since
B
A
W
A
W
B
I
T
S
Phrase/ Clause Practice
Identify the following as phrases, dependent
clauses, or independent clauses.
1. In the middle of the room. P
2. When the girl ate breakfast. DC
3. She loves puppies. IC
4. Because he ate play-dough. DC
5. He threw up. IC
Overview
 Patterns of independent and dependent
clauses create 4 types of sentences
 Four Sentence Types:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Simple Sentence (1 IC)
Compound Sentence (2 ICs)
Complex Sentence (1 IC, 1 DC)
Compound/Complex Sentence (2 ICs, 1 DC)
Simple Sentence
Pattern: IC.
Examples:
1. My dog is named Joey.
2. I have another dog named Gracie.
3. Joey is a grumpy old man.
4. Gracie is very mischievous.
Compound Sentences (2 ICs)
Three Types of
Compound
Sentences
A:
Joined with
FANBOYS
B:
Joined with ;
C:
Joined with ; and
Conjunctive adverb
Compound Sentence : a
Pattern:
IC ,
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
IC.
Coordinating Conjunctions
FANBOYS!
Example: Gracie chews my shoes, and Joey
licks the walls.
Compound Sentence: A
 More examples…
1. Gracie fell down the heater vent, but she
wasn’t hurt.
2. Joey hates shadows, so he tries to lick them
away.
3. Gracie’s favorite toy is her stuffed pig, but
she also plays with her toy frog.
Compound Sentence : B
Pattern:
IC; IC.
Example: Gracie ate a rock; she had to have
emergency surgery.
Compound Sentence : c
Pattern:
IC ;
therefore ,
IC.
however
moreover
furthermore
Conjunctive Adverbs
Example: Gracie loves to play with Joey;
however, Joey gets easily annoyed with
Gracie.
Easy Identification…
 Look for the FANBOYS!
 Where does the comma
go?
Complex Sentences (DC + IC)
2 Types of Complex
Sentences
A:
DC, IC
B:
IC DC
Complex Sentence : a
Pattern:
DC, IC.
Example: When Gracie got caught under my
dresser, I had a hard time getting her out.
Complex Sentence : b
Pattern:
IC DC.
Example: I never refer to Joey by his real
name because it is really long.
Easy Identification…
 Look for the BA
WAWBITS!
 Where does the comma
go?
Compound-Complex Sentences
3 Types of
Compound-Complex
Sentences
A:
IC, IC DC
B:
IC DC, IC
C:
DC, IC, IC
Compound/Complex Sentence : a
Pattern:
IC ,
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
IC DC.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Example: Gracie tries her best to play with
Joey, but he hates it when she bothers him.
Compound/Complex Sentence : b
Pattern:
IC DC ,
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
IC.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Example: Joey will play with Gracie if he’s in a
good mood, but he’s seldom in a good mood.
Compound/Complex Sentence : c
Pattern:
DC, IC ,
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
IC.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Example: Since Joey is so old, he doesn’t
have much energy, but sometimes he still
acts like a puppy.
Easy Identification…
 Look for BOTH a
FANBOYS and a BA
WAWBITS!
Now It’s Your turN:
Identify the sentence type (simple, compound,
complex, compound/complex) for each item
below:
1. I was scared when Gracie fell in the heater
vent.
2. Joey can be very difficult, but I still love him
because he has been such a loyal dog.
3. Gracie escaped from my condo one day, but
she came back quickly.
4. I am happy that I have two dogs.
Answer key:
1. Complex
2. Compound-Complex
3. Compound
4. Complex
How well do you understand?
Congratulations!
You are now a master of the four grammatical
sentence types! (And you know a lot about
Ms. Ratliff’s dogs.)