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CHAPTER 4 GRAMMAR FOR GROWNUPS ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 After completing Chapter 4, you will English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Let’s identify the basic tools of the English “trade,” the parts of speech English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 NOUNS name birthday week today skiing studying English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith management ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 duck pig owl dependability honesty persistence life death English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith birth inch yard computer stationery cup ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 NOUNS name city home college singer student executive NOUNS tell who/whom or what. Common NOUNS begin with lowercase letters. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Proper NOUNS name specific English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith and begin with capital letters ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Business Department Paris Fido Memorial Day White House Miami Dr. Baker Juanita English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith Mr. Smith George Washington ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A PRONOUN is a word used as a noun substitute: I me all some which English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 A VERB • Action verbs -- eat, love, count, run • Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am, seem • “Possession verbs” -- has, have, had (double as helpers) English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Now meet adjectives and adverbs adjectives the four kinds are: tell something about a noun or pronoun pointing, descriptive, articles, limiting I like those expensive, blue shoes because they are comfortable and go with the most outfits . English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Adverbs modify (describe or limit) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They add information about when how Jones proceeded rapidly to work. where to what extent English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith Today we must begin work. Did you see the schedule there? The prosecutor did not question him further. ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 other words or groups of words. Coordinating conjunctions join words or groups of words that are equal. We met at the junction of Fifth and Elm Streets. Subordinating (dependent) conjunctions join words or groups of words that aren’t equal. We studied Chapter 1 many hours because we want a good grammar foundation. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence. Your cat is under the chair. Go through the door. I’m going to Hawaii. Sit beside me. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Prepositions show relationships. See how the preposition changes the relation of “object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked): Ellen often talked with Mr. Lee. Ellen often talked about Mr. Lee. Ellen often talked to Mr. Lee. See how the meaning has changed? English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 express strong feelings. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Let’s review! Identify what the words are in the next sentence. Are they ADJECTIVES EXCLAMATIONS PRONOUNS ADVERBS CONJUNCTIONS NOUNS PREPOSITIONS English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith VERBS ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. • • • • • • The brown = adjectives puppy = noun is = verb by = preposition the = adjective (article) bed = noun English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. • • • • • • and = conjunction he = pronoun is = verb chewing = verb furiously = adverb on = preposition English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. • that = adjective (pointing) • new = adjective (descriptive) • toy = noun English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 (Exclamation) • You have advanced your knowledge of the parts of speech to understand the English principles that will help your career. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
