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Punctuation Marks
• Punctuation helps you understand the
meaning of a sentence.
• Don’t forget all sentences start with
a CAPITAL letter.
End Marks
• Period .
• Question Mark ?
• Exclamation Point
!
Periods are used
• at the end of declarative
(statement) sentences.
• at the end of imperative
(command) sentences.
• after initials and most
abbreviations.
Periods and Declarative
Sentences
The Statue of
Liberty is more
than 150 feet
tall .
Periods and Imperative
Sentences
Please board the
boat carefully .
Periods and
Initials and Abbreviations
• Gov. James R.
Thomas had a
brilliant idea that
would save the
state millions of
dollars.
• Mr. Smith went
home.
Question Marks
are used
at the
end
of
interrogative sentences.
Question Marks
• Use a question
mark at the end of
an interrogative
sentence.
• How old will you be
this year?
Exclamation Points are used
• at the end of exclamatory sentences.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Exclamation Points
and
Exclamatory Sentences
• An exclamatory
sentence shows
great emotion.
• What a great game!
• That’s terrific!
Parts of Speech
When we speak, we pronounce words next to
each other in order to produce a clear
sentence. These words are mostly:
• Nouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Prepositions
Nouns
A noun is a word that names a:
• Person (Norah, Reem, Hala)
• Place ( Riyadh, street, house)
• Thing (table, computer)
• Idea (happiness, democracy, courage )
Nouns can be
• Singular (names one person, place, thing or
idea)
Example: student, chair, apple
• Plural (more than one person, place, thing
or idea)
Example: students, chairs, apples
Nouns are divided into:
• Common Nouns (names any
person, place, thing or idea)
Common nouns do not begin
with capital letters because they
are less specific.
Proper Nouns (nouns that begin
with a capital letter are proper
nouns. They have a specific
name or title and refer to a
particular person, place, thing,
or idea. )
Common
Nouns
country,
language,
mother,
brother,
teacher
Proper
Nouns
England,
German,
Nada
Sally
Verbs
• A verb is a word used to indicate an action
or a condition.
Example: bring, happen, play
• A verb is what a subject is doing, What is
being done or a state of being
Example: She is writing. The book was
bought by the student. She seems sick
Subject Verb agreement
• A verb should be in the same person as its
subject.
• A singular subject needs
a singular verb.
• A plural subject needs a
plural verb.
Singular vs. Plural
Singular
Plural
The person waits.
The people wait.
Subject-Verb Agreement
No “s” ending on a
noun often indicates
that it is singular.
An “s” ending on a verb usually
indicates that it is singular.
student knows
subject
= verb
Example Sentence
verb
Good students knows the value of communication skills.
subject
Some Common Rules
With…
Use a…
I
singular verb (no “s”)
You
plural verb (no “s”)
He, She, It
singular verb (“s”)
We
plural verb (no “s”)
You
plural verb (no “s”)
They
plural verb (no “s”)
Verb Tenses
• The three parts are:
Base form : do, give, throw
Past: did, gave, threw
Past participle: done, given thrown,
Adjectives
• Words that are used to modify and describe
nouns or pronouns
• There are many kinds of adjectives:
• Possessive: Possessive pronouns can be
used as adjectives ex. That is his book.
• Demonstrative, My book is expensive.
• Descriptive: She has long hair.
Verb to be
• am , is, are
• Is used when you are naming people or
things describing them.
• I am a teacher.
• She is a student.
• We are humans.
Prepositions
• A preposition is a word or phrase that is used before a noun
or pronoun to show place, time, direction, etc..
• Commonly used prepositions:
• above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at,
before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond,
by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, of, off,
on, over, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward,
under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without
Prepositions of Place
•
•
•
•
The book is on the table.
The ball is in the box.
The chair is next to the desk
Sara is at the library.
Prepositions of time
At:
Use at + specific time on the clock
- We have a class at one o’clock.
- We sleep at night.
In:
Use in + specific month, year, the morning,
the evening, the afternoon.
Prepositions of time
On:
- Use on + specific day of the week.
I have grammar on Monday.
-Use on+ specific date.
I was born on September 19.
From.. To:
Use from a specific time to a specific time.
We have class from 12 to 2.
Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word that takes
the place of one or more nouns.
• You can use a pronoun to avoid
repeating a noun or group of
words with a noun.
Types of Pronouns
• There are 2 types of pronouns:
SUBJECT and OBJECT pronouns
• A subject pronoun takes the place of a
noun that is the subject of a sentence.
It comes at the beginning of a sentence.
.
• An object pronoun takes the place of a
noun that is the object of a verb. It
comes at the end of a sentence.
Subject Pronouns
I
SINGULAR:
you he she
PLURAL:
we you they
it
Object Pronouns
me
SINGULAR:
you him her
PLURAL:
us you them
it
Object Pronoun Usage
I bought that cheese.
I bought it.
Sue can ride with Jim and me.
Sue can ride with us.
I lost my glasses.
I lost them.