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Syntax 2nd class Chapter 4 Syntactic Categories 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. That glass suddenly broke. A jogger ran toward the end of the lane. These dead trees might block the road. The detective quickly looked through the records. The peaches appear quite ripe. Jack will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra. Those guests have left S NP Aux VP Those guests have left S NP Aux Det N those guests VP Those guests have left S NP Aux Det N those guests have VP Those guests have left S NP Det Aux N those guests have VP V left Maria ate a brownie S NP Aux VP Maria ate a brownie S NP N Maria Aux VP Maria ate a brownie S NP N Maria Aux past VP Maria ate a brownie S NP N Maria Aux past VP V ate NP det N a brownie That shelf will fall S NP Aux VP That shelf will fall S NP Aux Det N that shelf VP That shelf will fall S NP Aux Det N those guests will VP That shelf will fall S NP Det N that shelf Aux VP will V fall The glass broke S NP Aux VP The glass broke S NP Aux Det N the glass VP The glass broke S NP Aux Det N the glass past VP The glass broke S NP Aux Det N the glass past VP V broke Syntactic Trees The pretty girl ate the sandwich quickly. This house is full of love. She is working in the park. The cat and the dog are enemies. I saw Peter or Paul in the mall. Ambiguous sentences (Structural ambiguity) I shot an elephant in underwear. The cat chased the dog in the park. He saw the robber with a binocular. Types of Verbs Intransitive verbs: do not take an NP e.g., I sleep Transitive: take an NP (object) e.g., I met her in the mall. Ditransitive: take 2 NPs (or 1 NP and 1 PP) e.g., I gave my wife a gift. Linking: describes the subject. e.g., You look marvelous; She became a doctor; I feel dizzy; I am fine Verbs with sentential complements: followed by a whole sentence. e.g., The ancients believed (that) the earth was flat. What kind of verb? He is very boring. I like vegetables and fruits. I saw my friend yesterday. I sold my car to my boss. She told me the truth. I feel bad. I think that you should go to the party. Peter gave Mark the cheese. Paul realized that Maria fed the baby. Carlos wonders if Peter is afraid of him. Peter gave the cheese to Mark. Embedded sentences I think that you should go to the party. Embedded sentences Paul realized that Maria fed the baby. Rules S NP Aux VP NP (Det) (AP) N (PP) VP V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) PP P NP AP Adj (PP) CP Comp S