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Multi-Graph to Support Scholarly
Communication
Marko Antonio Rodriguez
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Los Alamos National Laboratory
&
Center for Evolution, Complexity, and Cognition
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
&
Computer Science Department
University of California at Santa Cruz
email: [email protected] . URL: http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~okram
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Purpose of this Talk
•
Define OAI institutional repositories
•
Define resource metadata
•
Define a collection of network generation algorithms to exploit resource
metadata
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Define a simple spreading-activation network search algorithm
•
Define problem and solution representation in a multi-graph
•
Demonstrate problem-solving in a scholarly multi-graph
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Open Archives Initiative and Institutional Repositories
•
Open Archives Initiative is a joint effort to standardize interfaces
between various institutional repositories.
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Institutional repositories software systems that support the archiving and
dissemination of institutional resources.
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A resource is any digital or non-digital artifact.
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A resource, in a repository, has an associated metadata record.
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OAI-PMH was developed as a protocol for ‘harvesting’ metadata records
from institutional repositories.
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
OAI and OAI-PMH
service provider
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
data provider (institutional repository)
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Federation and Scalability
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Resource Metadata
OAI Data Provider
•
http://arxiv.org/oai2?
o
verb=GetRecord&identifier=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0504084&metadataPrefix=oai_dc
Protocol Verbs:
Resource Identifier (repository specific)
1.
Identify
2.
ListIdentifiers
3.
ListMetadataFormats
4.
ListRecords
Metadata Format (repository specific)
5.
ListSets
- oai_dc, didl, olac, etc.
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<responseDate>2005-09-07T15:25:04Z</responseDate>
<request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:arXiv.org:cs/0412047" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">http://arXiv.org/oai2</request>
<GetRecord>
<record>
<header>
<identifier>oai:arXiv.org:cs/0412047</identifier>
<datestamp>2004-12-14</datestamp>
<setSpec>cs</setSpec>
</header>
<metadata>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/">
<dc:title>A Social Network for Societal-Scale Decision-Making Systems</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, Marko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbock, Daniel</dc:creator>
<dc:subject>Computers and Society</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Data Structures and Algorithms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>Human-Computer Interaction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>H.4.2</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>J.7</dc:subject>
<dc:subject>K.4.m</dc:subject>
<dc:description>In societal-scale decision-making systems the collective is faced ...</dc:description>
<dc:description>Comment: Dynamically Distributed Democracy algorithm</dc:description>
<dc:date>2004-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:type>text</dc:type>
<dc:identifier>http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0412047</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational Science Conference Proceedings 2004</dc:identifier>
</oai_dc:dc>
</metadata>
</record>
</GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Network Generation Algorithms
Occurrence: if there exists a direct relation from resource A to resource B
then there is an ‘occurrence’ of B in A
A
B
Running Time: O(N)
Co-Occurrence: if there exists a direct relation from A to C and a direct
relation from B to C then there is C ‘co-occurs’ in both A and B
A
B
Running Time: O([N2-N]/2)
C
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
<record>
<header>
<identifier>info:lanl-repo/i/0e08eefc-d053-11d8-85e1-d1cbfd475562</identifier>
<datestamp>2004-07-07T20:20:14Z</datestamp>
<setSpec>format:info*3Alanl-repo*2Fpro*2Fisi</setSpec>
</header>
<metadata>
<didl:Resource mimeType="application/isi+xml">
<citation>
<title>The meaning of self-organization in computing</title>
<author>
<au>Heylighen, F</au>
<au>Gershenson, C</au>
</author>
<journal>
<issn>1094-7167</issn>
<jtitle>IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS</jtitle>
<stitle>IEEE INTELL SYST</stitle>
</journal>
<enumeration>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<spage>72</spage>
<epage>75</epage>
</enumeration>
</citation>
<reference>
<source>
<stitle>P 13 EUR M CYB SYST</stitle>
<author>BOLLEN, J</author>
<spage>911</spage>
<year>1996</year>
</source>
</reference>
<reference>
<source>
<stitle>SWARM INTELLIGENCE</stitle>
<author>BONABEAU, E</author>
<year>1998</year>
</source>
</reference>
</didl:DIDL>
</metadata>
</record>
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Δ1, Δ1-2
Δ1, Δ1-2
Δ3a, Δ3-2
Δ3a, Δ3-2
Δ3a, Δ3-2
Δ3b, Δ2
Δ2
Δ2
Δ2
Δ3b, Δ2
Δ2
Δ2
A Scholarly Multi-Graph
Journal
Layer-3
references
published in contains
Layer-2
Paper
wrote
Layer-1
Author
written by
coauthor
coauthor
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
cites
Author
Journal
published in
Paper
wrote
contains
cites
written by
coauthor
coauthor
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Author
Paper
wrote
written by
coauthor
coauthor
Author
A Multi-Graph Repository-Flow Model
multi-graph
data source
3
multi-graph
aggregator
1
2
multi-graph
multi-graph
generator
searcher
4
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Spreading Activation Algorithm
2
8
5
3
6
1
4
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
7
Problem-Solving in a Scholarly Multi-Graph
Scholarly Communication Process
Finding
Related Work
Pr
ob
le
m
Finding
Collaborators
Finding
Journals
Finding
Referees
So
lu
t
io
n
re
pr
es
en
ta
tio
n
A
Solution
P
J
A
J
P
P
J
P
Problem
A Scholarly Multi-Graph Implementation
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Finding
Audience
Finding Related Papers
Journal Layer
P+
S
Paper Layer
Author Layer
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
S
Finding Collaborators
Journal Layer
P+
P+
Paper Layer
S
S
Author Layer
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
P+
Finding a Journal
S
Journal Layer
P+
P+
Paper Layer
P+
P+
Author Layer
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
P+
Finding Peer-Reviewers
P+
Journal Layer
P+
P+
P+
Paper Layer
P-
S
P-
Author Layer
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
S
Finding Interested Readers
Journal Layer
P+
P+
P+
P+
S
S
Paper Layer
S
S
P+
S
Author Layer
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Extensibility
•
Adding addition nodes to network: research institutions, keywords,
subject categories, funding institutions, departments, etc.
•
As long as you can represent a problem as a collection of resources and
your solution as a collection of resources, a multi-graph is provides the
necessary pattern-matching infrastructure to support the problemsolving.
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland
Conclusion
•
Thank you for coming…
•
Questions?
RESEARCH
LIBRARY
Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team
Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
@ OAI4 - Geneva, Switzerland