Download Mach_NeXTSTEP - Operating Systems and Middleware Group

Seminar
Origins of Operating Systems
The Microkernel Mach
in NeXTSTEP
Gregor Schmidt
2006-06-29
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
1
Overview
 Introduction
 The road to NeXTSTEP
 The NeXT computers
 The NeXTSTEP operating system
 The Mach Microkernel
 Interprocess Communication by example
 The next steps
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
2
Overview
 Introduction
 The NeXTSTEP operating system
 The Mach Microkernel
 The next steps
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
3
The Road to NeXTStep
 1986 - NeXT computers, Inc. was founded by
Steve Jobs and
 colleagues from Apple
- Rich Page
- George Crow
- Bud Tribble
- Dan‘L Lewin
- Susan Barnes
 and
- Randy Heffner
- Gary H. Moore
 1988 - The first computer was presented
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
4
The NeXT computers
 based on Motorola 680x0
 2 basic models
 NeXTcube (1989)
 NeXTstation (1990)
- 25 MHz resp. 33 MHz
- 8 MB RAM (up to 32 MB)
- 105 MB SCSI HDD
- Floppy Disc Drive
- 10Base-T and 10Base-2 Ethernet
- Monochrome Display
$ 4.995,-
 All later versions of NeXTSTEP operating
systems run on these machines
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
5
Overview
 Introduction
 The NeXTSTEP operating system
 The Mach Microkernel
 The next steps
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
6
The NeXTStep Operating System
Main Features
 Mach Kernel
1988 - BSD refactoring
1990 - BSD-Reno for
Mach
 BSD4.3 user space server
 NeXTSTEP user interface
 Display Postscript
 Object-oriented application framework
 Objective C as standard programming language
 Extraordinary OO-development tools
 High integration of all native applications
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
7
The NeXTSTEP Operating System
Demo - By Steve Jobs
 Product Demonstration of NeXTSTEP Release 3.0 1:00 Start
6:30 Word Perfect
24:00 Interface Builder
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
8
Overview
 Introduction
 The NeXTSTEP operating system
 The Mach Microkernel
 The next steps
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
9
The Mach Microkernel
History
 1985 - 1994 - developed at Carnegie-Mellon university
 Microkernel
 Deployed in several systems
 NeXTSTEP / OPENSTEP - Rhapsody - Mac OS X
 GNU/Hurd
 MkLinux
 Tru64 (OSF/1)
 NeXTSTEP uses Mach 2.5
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
10
The Mach Microkernel
Microkernel
 Little features - great reliability
 Only the main features run in privileged mode
 Process management
- Scheduling
 Synchronization and communication
 Device drivers and all other services run as user services
small interface
lots of communication
overhead
little trusted computing base
lots of synchronization
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
11
The Mach Microkernel
Main Features
 Preemptive Multitasking
 Multithreading, Multiprocessing
 Memory protection, virtual memory
 Interprocess communication via mach messages
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
12
The Mach Microkernel
Interprocess Communication
 Transparent network support
 Typed messages
 including type conversion between different languages
 Integrated with virtual memory
 local messages are not copied
 but mapped into receiver‘s address space
 Remote messages are send lazily
 Port Rights Management
 Ownership
 Receive
 Send
 Port names - unique Integer
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
13
The Mach Microkernel
How to find Ports in NeXTStep
 Environment Manager
 for local use only
 Network Message Server
 enables network-wide communication
 Service Server
in Mac OS X: Bootstrap Server
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
14
The Mach Microkernel
Message Sending the Easy Way
 Mach Interface Generator
 Corba-like Stub-and-Skeleton-Generator
Message encoding and
decoding for free
Little RPC-specific code
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
15
The Mach Microkernel
Interprocess Communication by Example
 Calculator example
 Server providing calculation facilities
 Client using command line interface to receive tasks and queries server for
the answer
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
16
Overview
 Introduction
 The NeXTSTEP operating system
 The Mach Microkernel
 The next steps
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
17
The next steps
 1995 - reorganization of NeXT towards software
 NeXT computers, Inc. - NeXT software, Inc.
 NeXTSTEP - OPENSTEP
 support for different platforms
 all NeXT computers
 Intel based computers
 PA-RISC Workstations
 Sun SPARC
 (IBM PPC) in labs
 WebObjects - first application server
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
18
The next steps
OpenStep and OPENSTEP
 OpenStep is an object oriented API
 Designed by NeXT and Sun
 OPENSTEP is an implementation
 Other for
 Windows NT
 Solaris
 Linux - GNUStep
 Main components
 Display PostScript
 Objective-C Runtime and Compilers
 Majority of NeXTSTEP's Objective-C libraries
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
19
The next steps
 1996 - take over by Apple, Inc. - 400 Millions US$
 OPENSTEP becomes Mac OS X
 with a new User Interface - Aqua
 but the same underlying system components
 Mach enhanced to XNU (hybrid kernel) within Darwin
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
20
References
 BOYKIN, Joseph; KIRSCHEN, David; LANGERMAN, Alan; LoVERSO; Susan:
Programming under Mach. Addison-Wesley UNIX and Open System Series,
ISBN 0-201-52739-1, Addison-Wesley 1993
 GARFINKEL, Simon L.; MAHONEY, Michael K.: NeXTSTEP PROGRAMMING STEP
ONE: Object-Oriented Applications. TELOS. The Electronic Library of Science ISBN
0-387-97884-4, Springer-Verlag 1993
 POLZE, Andreas: Vereiltes Rechnen unter Mach. unix/mail 2/1995, Carl Hanser
Verlag München. Verfügbar im Internet: <http://www.informatik.huberlin.de/~apolze/papers/um2-95.ps>. - online im Internet
 SLABIHOUD, Stephan: NeXT Computer, Inc., 1998-2005, Verfügbar im Internet:
<http://www.8bit-museum.de/docs/next1.htm>. Stand: Juni 2006 - online im
Internet
 Special References:
 en.wikipedia.org - for lots of information around NeXTStep and Mach
 lists.apple.com - for good code example and special information
Betriebssysteme und Middleware / Prof. Andreas Polze
Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Gregor Schmidt
Origins of Operating Systems - The Microkernel Mach
21