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Singularity A brief introduction to Microsoft’s newest operating system. Introduction • Designed from scratch by Microsoft Research – Team Leaders • Galen Hunt (OS background) • Jim Larus (Programming Languages Background) Overview • • • • Design Goals Kernel Architecture Processes Interprocess Communication Design Goals • Designed strictly for dependability not performance. • Research OS • Based on Software advances not hardware advances Kernel Architecture • Singularity uses a Micro-Kernel • Process interact using a strongly versioned Application Binary Interface • Memory divided into three parts – Kernel space, User space, and Exchange Heap • Context Switching time greatly reduced Processes • Software Isolated Process – No shared memory – No memory hardware protection – Code must be verifiably correct • A process cannot dynamically load or generate code. Interprocess Communication • Communication through Strongly Typed Channels • Communication is governed by Channel contracts • All interprocess communication occurs in Exchange Heap. Channel Contract • specify message types and valid message exchanges contract C1 { in message Request(int x) requires x>0; out message Reply(int y); out message Error(); // Initial State state Start: Request? -> (Reply! or Error!) -> Start; } References • Hunt, G., Larus, J., Abadi, M., Aiken, M., Barham, P., Fahndrich, M., Hawblizel, C., Hodson, O., Levi, S., Murphy, N., Steensgaard, B., Tarditi, D., Wobber, T., Zill, B. (2005). An Overview of the Singularity Project. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Cooperation. Microsoft Research Technical Report; MST-TR-135. • Hunt, G., Larus, J. (2004). Singularity Technical Report 1: Singularity Design Motivation. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Cooperation. Microsoft Research Technical Report; MST-TR-105. • Mooney, Paul (2005). “Singularity OS.” URL: http://dotnetjunkies.com/weblog/paul/archive/2005/10/30/133490.aspx • Foley, Mary (2005). “Microsoft’s Other OS.” URL: http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,2180,1882174,00.asp END