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Components of a Computer System
Lesson 17: Modes Of Use
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Learning Objectives
Define
Modes of Use / Operation.
Define and understand the differences between
batch processing, on-line processing and realtime
processing.
Have an understanding of a wider range of workrelated IT applications and their effects.
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There are 2 main types of software
Software
System Software
Performs tasks needed to just run
the computer system. Without
system software application
software could not run.
Applications Software
Carries out some task/s for the user
allowing the user to produce
something useful.
Human Computer
/ User Interfaces
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System Software
Operating Systems
Utilities
Modes Of Use
/ Operation
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Modes of Use / Operation
The first kinds of
operating system could only do
one task at a time for one user.
Then other operating systems came out that
could work in other ways or modes.
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Modes of Use / Operation
Some books classify modes of use / operation as
different types of operating systems.
However, modern operating systems can work in
a multitude of different ‘modes’.
So it is best to think of ‘Modes of Use’ as the
different ways or modes operating systems can
work in.

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Modes of Use / Operation
On-line
Processing
Click a mode for
more information.
Real-time
Processing
Batch
(& off-line)
Processing
Instructions
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On-line processing
User
has direct contact with processor.
Used when:
Processor
needs to be constantly ready to receive
input.
Justified by:
Explaining
why processor needs to be constantly
ready to receive input.
Examples
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Examples of On-line processing
Real Time (Transaction)
As soon as a transaction is received by the computer, it is
processed and any data files are updated.
Cash
withdrawals from
ATMs
Air
EFT
EFTPOS
Booking systems
systems
ticket
Holiday
Theatre
Cinema
Back
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Real-time processing
•Any control system which uses sensors requiring immediate
response at the time of input, quickly enough to affect the next
input.
•Is by definition also on-line.
•Used because a system must react immediately when input from
a sensor is received as a delay is unacceptable.
•Justified by:
•Explaining what action must be taken immediately and why
a delay is unacceptable.
Examples
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Examples of Real-time processing
Any control system requiring immediate
response or safety critical system.
 Air
traffic control
 Real-time banking
 Any safety critical
systems
 Games / simulations.
 rockets
fired onto space,
robots
 computer controlled
 air
conditioning
 central heating
 burglar alarm
 greenhouses etc.
Back
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Batch processing
Collect
data together before being processed.
Off-line processing
User
cannot communicate directly with processor.
Used When
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Batch and Offline processing is
used when :
Batch:
Large amounts of data to be processed that will
take a long time to complete.
Data processing of similar type.
Processor time is available in quiet time.
Off-line:
No human intervention required.
Examples
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Example uses of Batch and Off-line
processing
The processing of:
Bank
cheques
Payroll
Non-automatic stock control systems
Utility billing.
Back
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‘Modes Of Use’
 Students
-- ICT -- IGCSE -- Computer
System -- 9 Software (Modes of Use).
 Follow its instructions.
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Plenary
What are
Modes of Use / Operation?
The
different ways or modes an operating system can
work in.
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Plenary
What is
on-line, real-time, batch and off-line
processing?
On-line
 User
processing
can communicate directly with processor.
Real-time
processing
 Data
received is processed quickly enough to effect the next
input.
Batch
and Off-line processing
 Collects
data together before being processed
 User cannot communicate directly with processor
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Plenary
When are
on-line, real-time, batch and off-line
processing used?
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Examples of On-line processing
Cash
withdrawals from
ATMs
Air
EFT
EFTPOS
Booking systems
systems
ticket
Holiday
Theatre
Cinema
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Examples of Real-time processing
Any control system requiring immediate
response or safety critical system.
 Air
traffic control
 Real-time banking
 Any safety critical
systems
 Games / simulations.
 rockets
fired onto space,
robots
 computer controlled
 air
conditioning
 central heating
 burglar alarm
 greenhouses etc.
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Example uses of Batch and Off-line
processing
The processing of:
Bank
cheques
Payroll
Non-automatic stock control systems
Utility billing.
Back
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