Download 11 - The Cardiovascular System

11 - The Cardiovascular System
I.
II.
THE HEART (pp. 362–374)
A. Anatomy of the Heart (pp. 362–368)
1. Location and Size
2. Coverings and Wall
3. Chambers and Associated Great Vessels
a. Atria
b. Ventricles
c. Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae
d. Pulmonary Arteries
e. Pulmonary Veins
f. Aorta
4. Valves
a. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves
b. Semilunar Valves
5. Cardiac Circulation
6. Homeostatic Imbalances
a. Endocarditis
b. Angina Pectoris
c. Myocardial Infarction
B. Physiology of the Heart (pp. 368–374)
1. Intrinsic Conduction System of the Heart: Setting the Basic Rhythm
a. Intrinsic Conduction System
b. Homeostatic Imbalances
i. Heart Block
ii. Ischemia
iii. Fibrillation
2. Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds
a. Mid-to-Late Diastole
b. Ventricular Systole
c. Early Diastole
d. Homeostatic Imbalances
i. Murmurs
3. Cardiac Output (CO)
a. Regulation of Stroke Volume (SV)
b. Factors Modifying Basic Heart Rate (HR)
c. Neural (ANS) Controls
d. Physical Factors
e. Homeostatic Imbalanaces
i. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
ii. Pulmonary Edema
BLOOD VESSELS (pp. 374–395)
A. Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels (pp. 374–377)
1. Tunics
2. Structural Differences between Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
3. Homeostatic Imbalanaces
a. Varicose Veins
b. Thrombophlebitis
c. Pulmonary Embolism
B. Gross Anatomy of Blood Vessels (pp. 378–386)
1. Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation (Figure 11.12)
a. Arterial Branches of the Ascending Aorta
i. Right and Left Coronary Arteries
b. Arterial Branches of the Aortic Arch
i. Brachiocephalic Trunk
ii. Left Common Carotid Artery
iii. Left Subclavian Artery
c. Arterial Branches of the Thoracic Aorta
i. Intercostal Arteries
ii. Bronchial Arteries
iii. Esophageal Arteries
iv. Phrenic Arteries
d. Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
i. Celiac Trunk
ii. Superior Mesenteric Artery
iii. Renal Arteries
iv. Gonadal Arteries
v. Lumbar Arteries
vi. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
vii. Common Iliac Arteries
2. Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation (Figure 11.13)
a. Veins Draining into the Superior Vena Cava
i. Radial and Ulnar Veins
ii. Cephalic Vein
iii. Basilic Vein
iv. Subclavian Vein
v. Vertebral Vein
vi. Internal Jugular Vein
vii. Brachiocephalic Vein
viii. Azygos Vein
b. Veins Draining into the Inferior Vena Cava
i. Anterior and Posterior Tibial Veins and Fibular Vein
ii. Great Saphenous Veins
iii. Common Iliac Veins
iv. Gonadal Veins
v. Renal Veins
vi. Hepatic Portal Vein
vii. Hepatic veins
3. Special Circulations (Figures 11.14–11.17)
a. Arterial Supply of the Brain and the Circle of Willis
b. Fetal Circulation
c. Hepatic Portal Circulation
C. Physiology of Circulation (pp. 387–395)
1. Arterial Pulse
2. Blood Pressure
a. Blood Pressure Gradient
b. Measuring Blood Pressure
c. Effects of Various Factors on Blood Pressure
i. Neural Factors: The Autonomic Nervous System
ii. Renal Factors: The Kidneys
iii. Temperature
iv. Chemicals
v. Diet
d. Variations in Blood Pressure
3. Capillary Exchange of Gases and Nutrients
4. Fluid Movements at Capillary Beds
III.DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (pp. 395, 397)
A. Embryonic Development
B. Congenital Heart Defects
C. Exercise
D. Coronary Artery Disease
KEY TERMS (160)
abdominal aorta
anterior cerebral artery
anterior interventricular artery
anterior tibial artery
anterior tibial vein
aorta
aortic arch
aortic semilunar valve
apex
arcuate artery
arteries
arterioles
ascending aorta
atria
atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
atrioventricular (AV) node
atrioventricular (AV) valves
auscultatory method
axillary artery
axillary vein
base
basilar artery
basilic vein
bicuspid (mitral) valve
blood pressure
brachial artery
brachial vein
brachiocephalic trunk
brachiocephalic veins
bradycardia
bundle branches
capillary beds
cardiac cycle
cardiac output (CO)
cardiac veins
cardiovascular system
celiac trunk
cephalic vein
cerebral arterial circle
chordae tendineae
circle of Willis
circulatory shock
circumflex artery
common carotid artery
common hepatic artery
common iliac arteries
common iliac vein
coronary arteries
coronary artery disease
coronary sinus
coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)
deep artery of the thigh
diastole
diastolic pressure
dorsal venous arch
inferior mesenteric vein
inferior vena cava
interatrial septum
intercellular clefts
internal carotid arteries
internal iliac artery
internal iliac vein
internal jugular vein
interstitial fluid (tissue fluid)
interventricular septum
intrinsic conduction system
left gastric artery
ligamentum arteriosum
marginal arteries
median cubital vein
mediastinum
microcirculation
middle cerebral artery
myocardium
nodal system
pacemaker
parietal layer
pericardium
peripheral resistance
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
postcapillary venule
posterior interventricular artery
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial vein
precapillary sphincter
pressure points
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary veins
pulse
Purkinje fibers
radial artery
radial vein
renal arteries
renal veins
right and left coronary arteries
semilunar valves
serous pericardium
sinoatrial (SA) node
splenic artery
splenic vein
stroke volume (SV)
subclavian artery
subclavian vein
superior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric vein
superior vena cava
dorsalis pedis artery
ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus
endocardium
epicardium
external carotid arteries
external iliac artery
external iliac vein
external jugular vein
femoral artery
femoral vein
fibrous pericardium
fibular vein
foramen ovale
gastric vein
gonadal arteries
great saphenous vein
heart rate (HR)
heart sounds
hepatic portal circulation
hepatic portal vein
hepatic veins
high blood pressure
hypertension
hypotension
inferior mesenteric artery
systemic circulation
systole
systolic pressure
tachycardia
terminal arteriole
thoracic aorta
tricuspid valve
tunica externa
tunica intima
tunica media
ulnar artery
ulnar vein
umbilical arteries
umbilical vein
valves
vascular shunt
vascular system
vasoconstriction
veins
ventricles
vertebral artery
vertebral vein
visceral layer
vital signs