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Chapter 2 Operating Systems: Software in the Background 1 2/26 What is an Operating System? Set of programs between application software and hardware 3/26 Operating System Definitions Kernel – main program Booting 4/26 Functions of an Operating System Manage computer’s resources User interface Services for application software 5/26 Basics of a Personal Computer Operating System Platform Operating system Hardware Application software is platform specific 6/26 Comparing User Interfaces Command line Text based User must memorize commands Graphical user interface Icons Mouse Nothing to memorize 7/26 Home/Consumer Market Windows 95 and Windows 98 Plug and Play Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Long file names Internet browsing DVD Wizards Utilities 8/26 Home/Consumer Market Windows Me More multimedia support Restores system files Automatic updates Home network wizard 9/26 Corporate Market Windows NT Network environment Stronger security features NT workstation and NT server 10/26 Corporate Market Windows 2000 Windows NT and Windows 98 Personalized preferences Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 2000 Server 11/26 Windows XP Extends Windows Me More stable environment Network Server Desktop Computer Professional Client Personal Client 12/26 Windows CE Subset of Windows Embedded Systems Pocket computers Internet connectivity 13/26 Other Operating Systems Mac OS UNIX LINUX 14/26 Network Operating Systems Sharing of resources Data security Troubleshooting Administrative control 15/26 Operating Systems for Large Computers Mainframes Used by many people at once Several programs in memory Special problems 16/26 Sharing the CPU Multiprocessing Multiple CPUs Each CPU with one program Programs run simultaneously 17/26 Sharing the CPU Multiprogramming Multiple programs Programs run concurrently Event-driven Interrupts 18/26 Sharing the CPU Time-sharing Multiple users Time-driven Time slice 19/26 Memory management Partitions or regions Foreground Background 20/26 Memory Management Virtual storage Paging Page table Thrashing Memory protection 21/26 Resource Allocation Sharing storage resources Sharing printing resources Spooling 22/26 Utility programs File manager allows you to view directories allows copy, move, rename, delete, etc. Windows Explorer 23/26 Utility programs Device drivers Backup and restore File compression WinZip 24/26 Utility programs Defragmenter