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Exploring Series Getting Started With Computing Concepts 1 Objectives • • • • • • Understand computer as a system Identify hardware and software How computer works digitally Access the Internet Communicate over the Internet Computer security and privacy 2 Define Computer • Electronic & interactive system with hardware & software • Functions – Processing – Input – Output – Storage – Communication (networking) 3 Data Becomes Information Data + Processing = Information Data Information 4 Hardware Processor Input Output Storage CPU = Central Processing Unit Keyboard Computer monitor Disk drives AKA: Microprocessor Mouse Speakers Flash memory Microphone Headphones CD Webcam Printer DVD Digital camera USB drives 5 Software System (Operating Systems + Utilities) OS: Windows 7, Mac OS X, Linux Utilities: Anti-virus, firewall Applications Microsoft Office Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer OpenOffice.org Corel Paint Shop Pro Microsoft Movie Maker 6 Types of Computers Desktop Notebook • Laptop Others • Smart Phone • Mainframe 7 System Unit USB Port CPU 8 CPU: Brain of Computer • Microprocessor – a silicon chip designed to manipulate data – its speed is determined by: • Clock speed • Word size • Processor type – CPU examples • Pentium Duo Core, AMD … Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition 9 Input Devices 10 Input Devices (continued) 11 Output Devices: LCD vs CRT 12 Output Devices Factors that influence a monitor’s quality: • Screen Size • Resolution (pixels) 1 pixel = 1/72 inch Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition 13 Output Devices (continued) 14 Electronic – Digital representation • Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.” • 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits. • Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character. Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition 15 Data Representation – How it works? • Each ASCII number represents an English character • Computers that run the Windows operating system use the set of Extended ASCII definitions defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI standard sample ASCII code Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition 16 Binary System Name Size Byte Kilobyte (KB) Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB) Terabyte (TB) Petabyte (PB) 8 bits 1000 bytes 1000 kilobytes 1000 megabytes 1000 gigabytes 1000 terabytes 17 Understanding Memory • Computer memory is a set of storage locations on the motherboard. • There are five types of memory: – – – – – Random access memory (RAM) Cache memory Virtual memory Read-only memory (ROM) Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) • RAM vs. ROM Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition 18 Internal Storage - Memory Internal hard drive (cover removed) RAM 19 External Storage 20 External Storage (continued) External hard drive Flash drive 21 Software System software – Operating system • • • • Monitors computer resources Accepts and directs input and output Provides a safe environment E.g. Windows 7, MacOS, Linux, Android – Utility programs • • • • • Coordinate resources Provide screen savers Reorganize the hard disk drive Provide online security E.g. Anti-virus, Recovery & backup tools 22 Software (continued) Application software – Commercial software • E.g. Office 2010 – Shareware • E.g. trial or demo version – Freeware 23 The Internet • Dial-up • Broadband –Cable –DSL –Fiber optics –Satellite Source: Pew Internet and American Life Project 24 Internet Communications • E-mail • • Instant messaging • • Voice over Internet • Protocol (VoIP) • Social networking Blogs Podcasts Vodcasts 25 E-Mail 26 Blogs 27 Instant Messaging and VoIP • Synchronous communications • Instant messaging services – ICQ: (“I seek you”) chat rooms – Windows Live Messenger – Gtalk (Google) • VoIP – Skype 28 Internet Collaboration (wiki) 29 Computer Networking Share: Risks: • Disk space • Computer security • Files • Privacy • Printers • Internet connection 30 Sharing Resources • • • • Wired Wireless HomePNA Powerline 31 Networking Equipment • • • • Node Network adapter NICs Wireless network adapter • Router 32 Types of Network • LAN: Local Area Network • WLAN: Wireless LAN • WAN: Wide Area Network 33 Security & Privacy: Keep updated regularly 34 Security Threats • Malware – Malicious program intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner’s permission • Viruses – harmful programs that instruct your computer to perform destructive activities – Antivirus software (virus protection software) searches executable files for the sequences of characters that may cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands • Viruses vs. Worms (video) 35 Recap & Questions • Computer hardware and software enable you to turn data into information. • Connecting to the Internet offers vast resources and collaboration. • Be aware of your computer security and privacy as you network your computer resources. • Questions? 36