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Exploring Series
Getting Started With
Computing Concepts
1
Objectives
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Understand computer as a system
Identify hardware and software
How computer works digitally
Access the Internet
Communicate over the Internet
Computer security and privacy
2
Define Computer
• Electronic & interactive system with
hardware & software
• Functions
– Processing
– Input
– Output
– Storage
– Communication (networking)
3
Data Becomes Information
Data + Processing = Information
Data
Information
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Hardware
Processor Input
Output
Storage
CPU = Central
Processing Unit
Keyboard
Computer
monitor
Disk drives
AKA:
Microprocessor
Mouse
Speakers
Flash memory
Microphone
Headphones
CD
Webcam
Printer
DVD
Digital camera
USB drives
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Software
System (Operating Systems + Utilities)
OS: Windows 7, Mac OS X, Linux
Utilities: Anti-virus,
firewall
Applications
Microsoft Office
Adobe Photoshop
Internet Explorer
OpenOffice.org
Corel Paint Shop Pro
Microsoft Movie Maker
6
Types of Computers
Desktop
Notebook
• Laptop
Others
• Smart
Phone
• Mainframe
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System Unit
USB Port
CPU
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CPU: Brain of Computer
• Microprocessor
– a silicon chip designed to
manipulate data
– its speed is determined
by:
• Clock speed
• Word size
• Processor type
– CPU examples
• Pentium Duo Core, AMD …
Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition
9
Input Devices
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Input Devices
(continued)
11
Output Devices: LCD vs CRT
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Output Devices
Factors that influence
a monitor’s quality:
• Screen Size
• Resolution (pixels)
1 pixel = 1/72 inch
Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition
13
Output Devices
(continued)
14
Electronic – Digital
representation
• Computers interpret every signal as “on”
or “off.”
• 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as
bits.
• Eight bits is a byte. Each byte
represents a unique character.
Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition
15
Data Representation –
How it works?
• Each ASCII number
represents an English
character
• Computers that run
the Windows
operating system use
the set of Extended
ASCII definitions
defined by the
American National
Standards Institute
(ANSI).
ANSI standard sample ASCII code
Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition
16
Binary System
Name
Size
Byte
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
8 bits
1000 bytes
1000 kilobytes
1000 megabytes
1000 gigabytes
1000 terabytes
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Understanding
Memory
• Computer memory is a set of storage
locations on the motherboard.
• There are five types of memory:
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Random access memory (RAM)
Cache memory
Virtual memory
Read-only memory (ROM)
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
memory (CMOS)
• RAM vs. ROM
Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows XP Edition
18
Internal Storage - Memory
Internal hard drive (cover removed)
RAM
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External Storage
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External Storage
(continued)
External hard drive
Flash drive
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Software
System software
– Operating system
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Monitors computer resources
Accepts and directs input and output
Provides a safe environment
E.g. Windows 7, MacOS, Linux, Android
– Utility programs
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Coordinate resources
Provide screen savers
Reorganize the hard disk drive
Provide online security
E.g. Anti-virus, Recovery & backup tools
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Software
(continued)
Application software
– Commercial software
• E.g. Office 2010
– Shareware
• E.g. trial or demo version
– Freeware
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The Internet
• Dial-up
• Broadband
–Cable
–DSL
–Fiber optics
–Satellite
Source: Pew Internet and American Life Project
24
Internet Communications
• E-mail
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• Instant messaging •
• Voice over Internet •
Protocol (VoIP)
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Social networking
Blogs
Podcasts
Vodcasts
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E-Mail
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Blogs
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Instant Messaging and VoIP
• Synchronous communications
• Instant messaging services
– ICQ: (“I seek you”) chat rooms
– Windows Live Messenger
– Gtalk (Google)
• VoIP
– Skype
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Internet Collaboration (wiki)
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Computer Networking
Share:
Risks:
• Disk space
• Computer security
• Files
• Privacy
• Printers
• Internet connection
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Sharing Resources
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Wired
Wireless
HomePNA
Powerline
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Networking Equipment
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Node
Network adapter
NICs
Wireless network
adapter
• Router
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Types of Network
• LAN: Local Area Network
• WLAN: Wireless LAN
• WAN: Wide Area Network
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Security & Privacy: Keep
updated regularly
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Security Threats
• Malware
– Malicious program intended to cause harm or convey
information to others without the owner’s permission
• Viruses
– harmful programs that instruct your computer to
perform destructive activities
– Antivirus software (virus protection software)
searches executable files for the sequences of
characters that may cause harm and disinfects the
files by erasing or disabling those commands
• Viruses vs. Worms (video)
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Recap & Questions
• Computer hardware and software enable
you to turn data into information.
• Connecting to the Internet offers vast
resources and collaboration.
• Be aware of your computer security and
privacy as you network your computer
resources.
• Questions?
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