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Operating System Zoo ITFN 2601 Developing OS Ch 1.1 – 1.3 Today’s Schedule What is an O/S? What is Computer System? Types of O/S History of O/S Assignment #1 is posted, Due Wed., Jan 17, at 11:30 pm Teams looked at OS functions Figure 1.1: Model of a non-networked operating system Backup … Where is OS in Computer System? A computer system consists of hardware system programs application programs O/S Placement User Applications (Word, IE, Games, etc.) Low-level apps (compilers, interpreters, editors) Machine Operating System Machine Language (Binary) Microarchitecture (processor-level) Physical Devices (Hardware) OS Defined Extended Machine Service provider for hardware Abstracts the details of the machine Provides an API (system calls) to user Resource Manager Multiple users, multiple resources Orderly, controlled allocation of resources Fairness, protection, space-time, etc. Each program gets time with the resource Each program gets space on the resource Flavors of OS Mainframe Server Multiprocessor Personal Computer Real-Time Embedded Smart Card Mainframe OS High-end I/O capacity 1000+ disks Gigabytes of data High-end web servers B2B (business to business) E-commerce High-speed VR/FMV Rendering Many small, simultaneous jobs Server OS Large personal computers (kahuna, zidane, etc.) Print, file servers for small businesses Web servers Can load balance these to increase performance UNIX, Linux, Win2000 Server OS Multiprocessor OS Connect multiple computers together Share/distribute jobs among multiple machines/processors Specialized protocols for managing communication Win2000 Advanced Server Personal Computer OS Focus on single user, multiple jobs What you’re running on your machine Win9x, Win2000 Pro, Linux, Mac OS Real-Time OS Time requirement dominates these machines’ specs Data collection from production lines, factory machinery Hard real-time: time critical in all instances Soft real-time: OK to drop occasionally Embedded OS Personal Digital Assistants TVs, microwaves, mobile phones Very small OS, embedded on chip PalmOS, WinCE Smart Card OS Credit card sized devices Specialized OS for specialized purposes E-payment cards (e-cash cards) Some JVM coming into play Historical Development of Operating Systems •Follows H/W and S/W development •User needs History of Operating Systems First generation 1945 – 1955 vacuum tubes, plug boards Second generation 1955 - 1965 transistors, Third generation 1965 – 1980 ICs batch systems and multiprogramming Fourth generation 1980 – present personal computers Why look at History? Each new computing species seems to go through the development of its ancestors. Programming Languages Operating Systems Disk Storage Virtual Memory Team makes timeline of one! First generation 1945 – 1955 (Team 1) vacuum tubes, plug boards Second generation 1955 – 1965 (Team 2) transistors, batch systems Third generation 1965 – 1980 and multiprogramming (Team 3 p 9-10 “360”) (Team 4 p 10-11 Multics) (Team 5 p 12 -13) ICs Fourth generation 1980 – present personal computers (Team 6 p 13-15 to Steve Jobs) (Team 7 p 15 -16 When MS, pargh 3) For your homework, Metric Units, Page 66 in text The metric prefixes Assignment for Tuesday, January 16 Read Chapter 1, 1.4 – 1.5 Sections 1.9, 1.10, 1.11 Sections Assignment #1 is posted, Due Wed., Jan 17, at 11:30 pm Bring questions for discussion