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Technology In Action Technology In Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Topics • System software • What the Operating system does • Different types of operating systems What the Operating System Does • Provides user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory • Manages hardware • Application programming interfaces The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the Command-driven computer • Types of interfaces: – Command-driven interface – Menu-driven interface – Graphical user interface Menu-driven Graphical Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on – Interrupt handler Memory Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full – Swap file on hard disk FULL Hardware Management • Device drivers: – Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with devices – Provided by the manufacturer of the device Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs): – Blocks of code contained in the operating system File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure to the system data and user data • Hierarchical structure of directories: – Drives • Folders Subfolders » Files Naming Files • Filename: – Name assigned plus filename extension • only characters not legal in filenames are: \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦ • all others are allowed Bioreport.doc or Bio report.doc Filename Extensions • Filename extensions: – Used by programs Extension Type of Document Application .doc Word processing document Microsoft Word; Corel WordPerfect .xls Workbook Microsoft Excel .ppt PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint .mdb Database Microsoft Access .bmp Bitmap image Windows .zip Compressed file WinZip .pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat .htm or .html Web page Hypertext Markup Language File path • File path – Location of the file Working with Files • File management actions: – – – – – Open Copy Move Rename Delete • Recycle bin Saving files Utility Programs • Small application programs that perform special functions: – Manage system resources – Create pleasant environment – Improve efficiency Add or Remove Programs • Installation wizard • Uninstall wizard: – Do not delete programs File Compression Programs • Reduce the size of a file: – Removes redundancies System Maintenance Utilities • Disk cleanup – Cleans unnecessary files System Maintenance Utilities • Disk defragmenter • ScanDisk: – Error-checker System Maintenance Utilities • Task manager System Restore • System Restore: – Restores the system settings back to a specific date System Backup • Backup: – Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device • Task Scheduler – Sets a time to run selected utilities automatically Operating System Categories • Four categories: – Real-Time (RTOS) – Single-User, Single-Task – Single-User, Multitask – Multiuser Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: – – – – – Industrial machines Robotic equipment Automobiles Video game consoles Home appliances Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems • Perform one task at a time • PDAs: – Pocket PC – Palm OS – Windows Mobile • MS-DOS Multitask systems • • • • Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: – UNIX – Novell Netware – Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Windows • Market leader – 90% market share Operating Systems: DOS • Disk Operating System (DOS) - the original operating system produced by Microsoft, which had a hard-to-use command-driven user interface. Bill Gates's mug shot from 1977 when he was jailed for speeding. Operating Systems: Windows •Microsoft Windows 3.X - released in 1992; simply a layer over DOS •Microsoft Windows 95/98 - successors to 3.X •Microsoft Windows Me (WinMe) - Millennium Edition In 1984, Bill Gates appeared on the cover of TIME Magazine; he has appeared seven more times. Persons of the Year, 2005 Windows NT/2000/2003 •Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS which allows multiple users to share resources such as data and programs. •Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT Microsoft XP •Windows XP - Microsoft’s newest OS, which combines elements of Windows 2000 and Windows Me. Microsoft Vista •Windows Vista - a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, and media centers. Network Operating Systems •UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple users with built-in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers. •Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and is popular for handling large e-commerce servers and large websites. •BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another interesting variant. UNIX • Multiuser, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes Linux • Open-source operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded through the Internet MAC OS • First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface) • Excellent in: MAC OS X – Graphics display – Processing capabilities – System reliability – Document recovery • Fewer software applications Operating Systems for Pocket PC • Palm OS - the dominant OS for handhelds, which runs the Palm and Handspring Visor, and is licensed to other companies. • Windows CE (now Pocket PC) - slimmed-down version of Windows for handhelds. DOS command • • • • • • • Enter a drive: for example C: Create a new folder: mkdir Switch directories: cd Delete file: del Delete folder: rmdir Rename file/folder: rename Display files in the current directory: dir Exercise • Use DOS command to reorganize your O drive