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Technology In Action
Technology In Action
Chapter 5
Using System Software:
The Operating System, Utility Programs,
and File Management
Topics
• System software
• What the Operating system does
• Different types of operating systems
What the Operating System Does
• Provides user
interface
• Manages the CPU
• Manages memory
• Manages hardware
• Application
programming
interfaces
The User Interface
• Enables you to
interact with the Command-driven
computer
• Types of interfaces:
– Command-driven
interface
– Menu-driven
interface
– Graphical user
interface
Menu-driven
Graphical
Processor Management
• Controls the timing of events the
processor works on
– Interrupt handler
Memory Management
• The operating system allocates space in
RAM for instructions and data
RAM
Virtual Memory
• Instructions and data are stored on the
hard drive when RAM is full
– Swap file on hard disk
FULL
Hardware Management
• Device drivers:
– Programs that enable
the operating system
to communicate with
devices
– Provided by the
manufacturer of the
device
Software Application Coordination
• Application programming interfaces
(APIs):
– Blocks of code contained in the operating
system
File Management
• The operating system provides an
organizational structure to the system data
and user data
• Hierarchical structure of directories:
– Drives
• Folders
Subfolders
» Files
Naming Files
• Filename:
– Name assigned plus
filename extension
• only characters not
legal in filenames are:
\ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦
• all others are allowed
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
Filename Extensions
• Filename
extensions:
– Used by
programs
Extension
Type of Document
Application
.doc
Word processing
document
Microsoft Word;
Corel WordPerfect
.xls
Workbook
Microsoft Excel
.ppt
PowerPoint
presentation
Microsoft
PowerPoint
.mdb
Database
Microsoft Access
.bmp
Bitmap image
Windows
.zip
Compressed file
WinZip
.pdf
Portable Document
Format
Adobe Acrobat
.htm or
.html
Web page
Hypertext Markup
Language
File path
• File path
– Location of the file
Working with Files
• File management
actions:
–
–
–
–
–
Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete
• Recycle bin
Saving files
Utility Programs
• Small application programs that perform
special functions:
– Manage system resources
– Create pleasant environment
– Improve efficiency
Add or Remove Programs
• Installation wizard
• Uninstall wizard:
– Do not delete programs
File Compression Programs
• Reduce the size of a
file:
– Removes
redundancies
System Maintenance Utilities
• Disk cleanup
– Cleans unnecessary
files
System Maintenance Utilities
• Disk defragmenter
• ScanDisk:
– Error-checker
System Maintenance Utilities
• Task manager
System Restore
• System Restore:
– Restores the
system settings
back to a specific
date
System Backup
• Backup:
– Creates a copy of the
hard drive to another
storage device
• Task Scheduler
– Sets a time to run
selected utilities
automatically
Operating System Categories
• Four categories:
– Real-Time (RTOS)
– Single-User, Single-Task
– Single-User, Multitask
– Multiuser
Real-Time Operating Systems
• Systems with a
specific purpose and
a certain result
• Uses include:
–
–
–
–
–
Industrial machines
Robotic equipment
Automobiles
Video game consoles
Home appliances
Single-User Operating Systems
Single-task systems
• Perform one task at a time
• PDAs:
– Pocket PC
– Palm OS
– Windows Mobile
• MS-DOS
Multitask systems
•
•
•
•
Perform simultaneous tasks
Windows
MAC OS
Linux
Multiuser Operating Systems
• Known as network operating systems
• Allow access to the computer system by
more than one user
• Manage user requests
• Systems include:
– UNIX
– Novell Netware
– Windows Server 2003
Microsoft Windows
• Market leader – 90% market share
Operating Systems: DOS
• Disk Operating System (DOS) - the
original operating system produced by
Microsoft, which had a hard-to-use
command-driven user interface.
Bill Gates's mug shot from 1977 when he was jailed for speeding.
Operating Systems: Windows
•Microsoft Windows 3.X - released in 1992;
simply a layer over DOS
•Microsoft Windows 95/98 - successors to 3.X
•Microsoft Windows Me (WinMe) - Millennium
Edition
In 1984, Bill Gates appeared on
the cover of TIME Magazine; he
has appeared seven more
times.
Persons of
the Year,
2005
Windows NT/2000/2003
•Windows NT - Microsoft’s multitasking OS
which allows multiple users to share
resources such as data and programs.
•Windows 2000 - successor to Windows NT
Microsoft XP
•Windows XP - Microsoft’s newest OS,
which combines elements of Windows
2000 and Windows Me.
Microsoft Vista
•Windows Vista - a line of graphical operating
systems used on personal computers, including
home and business desktops, notebook computers,
Tablet PCs, and media centers.
Network Operating Systems
•UNIX - a multitasking operating system for multiple
users with built-in networking capability and versions
that can run on all kinds of computers.
•Sun Microsystems’ Solaris is a version of UNIX and
is popular for handling large e-commerce servers
and large websites.
•BSD, a free software derived from UNIX, is another
interesting variant.
UNIX
• Multiuser, multitask operating system
• Used primarily with mainframes
Linux
• Open-source operating
system
• Based on UNIX
• Stable system
• Free
• May be downloaded
through the Internet
MAC OS
• First operating system with point-and-click technology
(Graphical User Interface)
• Excellent in:
MAC OS X
– Graphics display
– Processing capabilities
– System reliability
– Document recovery
• Fewer software applications
Operating Systems for Pocket PC
• Palm OS - the dominant OS
for handhelds, which runs the
Palm and Handspring Visor,
and is licensed to other
companies.
• Windows CE (now Pocket PC)
- slimmed-down version of
Windows for handhelds.
DOS command
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Enter a drive: for example C:
Create a new folder: mkdir
Switch directories: cd
Delete file: del
Delete folder: rmdir
Rename file/folder: rename
Display files in the current directory: dir
Exercise
• Use DOS command to reorganize your
O drive