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Objective: to use graphic organizers to take notes about how the Catholic church dominated Medieval life. 25-1 Catholic Influence-use a web The goal of the RC Church was to develop civilization in western Europe. Daily life revolved around the Church: It took the lead in government, law, art and learning. • People did not eat meat on Fridays. • Religious ceremony to become a knight • Holidays honored religious events • Worship (mass) was held on Sundays • Monks and nuns ran schools and hospitals The Church had a great influence in the Middle Ages. The Church played an important role in the political life of the Middle Ages: • Landowners and advisors • Told people to obey the king’s laws • People who disobeyed the Pope were excommunicated and lost membership in the Church and political rights. The Church tried to end heresy by preaching and by church courts. The Inquisition offered the people accused the right to confess or be tried. Dangerous people were burned at the stake. •United western Europe •Took the lead in government, law, art and learning •Helped pass on the heritage of the Roman Empire •Center of every village and town •To become a king, vassal or knight a man had to take part in a religious ceremony •Holidays were in honor of saints •People did not eat meat on Fridays •On Sundays people went to mass •Monks and nuns provided food and shelter for travelers •Priests recorded births, performed marriages and conducted burials •Church leaders were landowners in the feudal system •Parish priests told people to respect government officials •People could be excommunicated for disobeying the Pope or canon laws The Church influenced the lives of people in the Middle Ages. Religion in Medieval Europe 25 – 2 Attempts at Reform-use T The Church was supported by tithes chart and donations. The office of bishop was often sold for money or favors. Europeans became worried about what direction the Church was headed. Pope Gregory wanted to increase his power officials and rid the Church of control by kings and over Church nobles. In 1075 a papal bull was issued stating that the Pope was above all kings and nobles and that only the Pope could choose Church leaders. The monks of the monastery at Cluny recognized only the authority of the Franciscan Order Pope. • Founded by Francis of Assisi • Deep love of nature Friars Dominican Order • Started by a monk named Dominic • Studied many languages • Monasticism = life led by monks and nuns • Monk = Greek for “living alone” • Nun = French from none, originally Egyptian for “virgin” • Nuns and monks wanted to avoid war, sickness, sin, corruption and wanted to serve God and fellow Christians • St. Benedict renounced wealth and founded an Italian monastery in 529 A.D. • He wrote “The Rule”, a set of rules for monks to live by • Duties included: work, study, prayer • Monks took vows of : chastity, poverty and obedience Church • Monasteries were led by an abbot who was elected by his monk brothers; convents were led by an abbess • Self-sufficient tasks: farming, cooking, sewing building, etc. • Charitable tasks: hospital work, providing refuge for homeless, food for the poor, lodging for travelers and distributing the sacraments Dormitory • Bound by the abbey church • Dormitory where the monks slept • Refectory where the monks ate • Library and scriptorium where monks wrote Library and Scriptorium Refectory Rise of Church Reformers CAUSE The Church was supported by tithes and donations. The office of bishop was often sold for money or favors. Europeans became worried about what direction the Church was headed EFFECT In 1075 a papal bull was issued stating that the Pope was above all kings and nobles and that only the Pope could choose Church leaders Franciscan Dominican Order St. Benedict renounced wealth and founded an Italian monastery in 529 A.D. The monks of the monastery at Cluny recognized only the authority of the Pope. He wrote “The Rule”, a set of rules for monks to live by Duties included: work, study, prayer Monks took vows of : chastity, poverty and obedience 25-3 Learning- use matrix Universities Cathedral Schools Parish clergy set up schools Run by bishops Trained students to become government workers and teachers 7: grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry and music Students paid fees to attend class in dark halls rented by teachers. Books were few and costly. Students memorized explanations. How established Unions were groups who joined together for a common cause Head Headed by a chancellor Objectives Subjects taught Tuition Materials / Methodology Students and teachers complained of too few classes, subjects and qualified teachers Classes on individual subjects were held at set times during the day Students lived in boarding houses. Rich supporters built buildings for students to live in. Students were punished for missing daily mass, disturbing the peace or sword play. Learning establ head obj sub tuition material method 25-4The Crusades – use A Call to War flow chart Pope Urban called for the wars to regain the Holy Land from the Turks. He promised freedom from debt and forgiveness from sins for those who “took up the cross.” Click on picture for pope info The Peasants’ Crusade Peter the Hermit rallied the commoners. The people adopted the cry, “Deus vult!” They behaved poorly along the route to Asia Minor and Constantinople. The Nobles’ Crusade Lords had to provide battle gear, wagons, supplies and horses. The King’s Crusade The Crusaders captured the Holy city of Jerusalem. Saladin united the Muslims. They set up 4 feudal kingdoms called Outremer. The crusaders were ill- prepared. The wore heavy armor and relied on the crossbow. Europeans adopted Muslim customs. The two leaders signed a truce. Crusades to the Middle East Effects of the Crusades Returning crusaders brought many new products back with them. There was a demand for these new products in Europe. Trade, merchants and trade cities. A mixing of cultures ( European, Byzantine and Arabic Empires) resulted. Scientists became interested in learning Muslim technologies. The authority of kings increased. Many nobles died and large armies were expensive to supply. Feudalism began to dissolve. The society of Western Europe advanced; towns grew and the arts thrived. Life After the Crusades Crudades Call type effect