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The Rise of Feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages The Middle Ages or Medieval Period ( 500 CE -1500 CE.) Barbarian Invasions cause the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Rise of New Kingdoms/ States that are not united New Kingdoms are unable to protect themselves from Barbarian Invasions, causing a need for localized Protection The Rise of Feudalism in Europe Feudal Europe Power Pyramid The Pope King Lords/Nobles Knights Peasants Social Influences • Chivalry - the combination of qualities expected of an ideal knight, esp courage, honour, justice, and a readiness to help the weak • Example – The Rules of Courtly Love, Code of Chivalry Code of Chivalry • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Live to serve King and Country. Live to defend Crown and Country and all it holds dear. Live one's life so that it is worthy of respect and honor. Live for freedom, justice and all that is good. Never attack an unarmed foe. Never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to the attack. Never attack from behind. Avoid lying to your fellow man. Avoid cheating. Avoid torture. Obey the law of king, country, and chivalry. Administer justice. Protect the innocent. Exhibit self control. Show respect to authority. Respect women. Exhibit Courage in word and deed. Defend the weak and innocent. Destroy evil in all of its monstrous forms. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Crush the monsters that steal our land and rob our people. Fight with honor. Avenge the wronged. Never abandon a friend, ally, or noble cause. Fight for the ideals of king, country, and chivalry. Die with valor. Always keep one's word of honor. Always maintain one's principles. Never betray a confidence or comrade. Avoid deception. Respect life and freedom. Die with honor. Exhibit manners. Be polite and attentive. Be respectful of host, women, and honor. Loyalty to country, King, honor, freedom, and the code of chivalry. Loyalty to one's friends and those who lay their trust in thee. Rules of Courtly Love What is Love? Love is an inborn suffering proceeding from the sight and immoderate thought upon the beauty of the other sex, for which cause above all other things one wishes to embrace the other and, by common assent, in this embrace to fulfill the commandments of love. Continued • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Marriage is no excuse for not loving. He who is not jealous can not love. No one can be bound by two loves. Love is always growing or diminishing. It is not good for one lover to take anything against the will of the other. A male cannot love until he has fully reached puberty. Two years of mourning for a dead lover are prescribed for surviving lovers. No one should be deprived of love without a valid reason. No one can love who is not driven to do so by the power of love. Love always departs from the dwelling place of avarice. It is not proper to love one whom one would be ashamed to marry. The true lover never desires the embraces of any save his lover. Love rarely lasts when it is revealed. An easy attainment makes love contemptible; a difficult one makes it more dear. Every lover turns pale in the presence of his beloved. When a lover suddenly has sight of his beloved, his heart beats wildly. But wait there’s more! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A new love expels an old one. Moral integrity alone makes one worthy of love. If love diminishes, it quickly leaves and rarely revives. A lover is always fearful. True jealousy always increases the effects of love. If a lover suspects another, jealousy and the effects of love increase. He who is vexed by the thoughts of love eats little and seldom sleeps. Every action of a lover ends in the thought of his beloved. The true lover believes only that which he thinks will please his beloved. Love can deny nothing to love. A lover can never have enough of the embraces of his beloved. The slightest suspicion incites the lover to suspect the worse of his beloved. He who suffers from an excess of passion is not suited to love. The true lover is continuously obsessed with the image of his beloved. Nothing prevents a woman from being loved by two men, or a man from being loved by two women. Key words Essential to Feudalism • Feudalism- (Fyoo-duh-lih-zuhm) A system of PROTECTION in the Middle Ages. • Vassal- An agreement between lords & knights that stated that they would protect the land. Knights were called their lords “vassals”. Popes • Leader of Church • Popes were seen as representatives of God on Earth. Kings • Leader of Kingdoms/ States • All lords/nobles and knights swore an oath of loyalty to the king to protect the land. Nobles/Lords • Swore loyalty to the king and were given land called “fiefs” to protect Knights • Armored warriors that protected the land. • They often received “fiefs” for their service. Peasants • Worked on the lords land Protection from who? 1. The Vikings invaded from Scandinavia- They were quick and savage. They attacked Ireland, England and France. They looted and captured people to sell into slavery. Most Europeans lived in terror of them 2. The Magyars from Asia 3. The Muslims (from South) Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map Charlemagne • Charlemagne was first crowned the king of the Franks • Later, in 800 CE he was crowned by the POPE Leo III as the king of the Holy Roman Empire. • This enraged the Eastern Byzantines because their ruler was not selected • The Church and Charlemagne depended on each other. The Pope needed the support of his army to protect the church, Charlemagne gained support from his people because he was viewed as having “god on his side” Charlemagne Continued • Through wars of conquest he united European tribes into one single empire. • He showed them that they have similar values like Christianity, allowing them to see themselves as Europeans not as tribe members. By Rafael: the Coronation of Charlegmagne The Culprits The Famine of 1315-1317 By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople! The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411 Lancing a Buboe The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria. Medieval Art & the Plague Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead! Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death. Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors. The Danse Macabre Attempts to Stop the Plague A Doctor’s Robe “Leeching” Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins! Attempts to Stop the Plague Pogroms against the Jews “Jew” hat “Golden Circle” obligatory badge Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme A Little Macabre Ditty “A sickly season,” the merchant said, “The town I left was filled with dead, and everywhere these queer red flies crawled upon the corpses’ eyes, eating them away.” “Fair make you sick,” the merchant said, “They crawled upon the wine and bread. Pale priests with oil and books, bulging eyes and crazy looks, dropping like the flies.” A Little Macabre Ditty (2) “I had to laugh,” the merchant said, “The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled; “And proved through solemn disputation “The cause lay in some constellation. “Then they began to die.” “First they sneezed,” the merchant said, “And then they turned the brightest red, Begged for water, then fell back. With bulging eyes and face turned black, they waited for the flies.” A Little Macabre Ditty (3) “I came away,” the merchant said, “You can’t do business with the dead. “So I’ve come here to ply my trade. “You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…” And then he sneezed……….! The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead !!! What were the political, economic, and social effects of the Black