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Ch 15 sec 2 Feudalism • Shift from king to Nobles • Landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services • Fighting in nobles army or farming land Feudal Territories • • • • • • Thousands Some large Many very tiny Center is fortress Nobles were both lords and vassals Vassals-nobles who served a lord of higher rank—lord protects vassals Feudal System • In return for military service the Lord granted vassals land and person to rule • Land given to vassals called fief • Knights—warriors in armor who fought on horseback • Need stirrups and saddle Lords • • • • Lords rule manor Peasants work land Some pay to work land Serfs—not leave manor, own property or marry w/o Lords approval • Lord must protect serf, provide safety to grow crops • Serf-not slave—hard life Improve Farming • Heavy wheeled plow w/ Iron blade • Horse collar—horse pulls plow faster than oxen • Use watermills and windmills to grind grain • 3 Field System • Keep soil fertile Chivalry • Knight code • Obey Lord, be brave, show respect to women of noble birth, honor church and help people • Guide for good behavior